The crested gecko, Correlophus ciliatus, is a small lizard species popular in the pet trade due to its docile nature, distinctive crests, and ease of care. Understanding its native habitat provides insight into the natural history and origins of this fascinating creature.
The Geographic Range
The crested gecko is endemic to a single archipelago in the South Pacific: New Caledonia. Its wild populations are restricted to the southern regions of the main island, Grande Terre, and the smaller, nearby Isle of Pines (Île des Pins).
On Grande Terre, the population is fragmented, existing in isolated areas such as the region around the Blue River protected provincial park and south of Mount Dzumac. This limited distribution makes the species vulnerable to localized threats.
Arboreal Environment and Climate
The crested gecko’s natural environment is a dense, tropical, and highly humid rainforest. They are an arboreal species, spending nearly their entire lives in the canopy and understory. These nocturnal geckos favor low shrubs and small trees.
The climate is mild, avoiding the extreme high temperatures common in many tropical regions. Daytime temperatures range between 75 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit, dropping to 68 to 75 degrees at night. Sustained temperatures above 80 degrees Fahrenheit can be fatal to the species.
High humidity is crucial for their survival and fluctuates throughout the day. Relative humidity generally stays between 60% and 70%, spiking to 70% to 80% during the night and early morning due to misting and rainfall. New Caledonia receives up to 120 inches of rain annually. Geckos consume this moisture as dew droplets from leaves, which is their primary source of hydration.
History and Wild Population Status
The crested gecko was first documented in 1866 by French zoologist Alphonse Guichenot. Following this discovery, the species vanished from scientific records for over a century and was widely presumed extinct.
The species was rediscovered in 1994 during an expedition led by herpetologist Robert Seipp. This finding confirmed that a wild population had persisted and led to the establishment of the captive breeding lines used today. The wild population is currently designated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
The geckos face several environmental threats in their native range. Habitat loss from deforestation and agricultural expansion fragments their small distribution. A major threat is the invasive little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata, which preys on the geckos and competes for food resources.