Diverticulitis is a common digestive condition that affects the large intestine. It occurs when small, bulging pouches, called diverticula, form in the wall of the large intestine and become inflamed or infected. While these pouches are common, especially in individuals over 50, they typically do not cause problems unless inflammation or infection develops. The presence of these pouches without inflammation is referred to as diverticulosis.
Understanding Diverticulitis Pain
Diverticulitis pain commonly manifests in the lower left side of the abdomen. This specific location is due to the sigmoid colon, which is the last part of the large intestine, being the most frequent site for diverticula to form in people of European descent. The lower left quadrant is where this part of the colon is situated, making it the primary area for discomfort.
It is often described as constant and can persist for several days. The intensity of the pain typically ranges from moderate to severe, and it may sometimes feel sharp or have a burning sensation. Movement or pressure on the abdomen can often worsen the discomfort, and the affected area may be tender to the touch. While the lower left abdomen is the most common site, pain can occasionally occur in other areas, such as the lower right side, particularly in individuals of Asian descent where diverticula may form in different parts of the colon.
Common Accompanying Symptoms
Beyond abdominal pain, diverticulitis can present with several other symptoms. Changes in bowel habits are frequent, with individuals experiencing either constipation or, less commonly, diarrhea. These changes often reflect the disruption to normal digestive processes caused by the inflamed pouches.
Fever and chills are also common accompanying symptoms. Nausea and vomiting can occur. Additionally, individuals may experience bloating and increased gas. Tenderness in the abdomen, particularly in the affected lower left quadrant, is a consistent finding upon physical examination.
When to Seek Medical Care
It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have diverticulitis or are experiencing severe abdominal symptoms. Urgent medical care is warranted for severe or worsening abdominal pain that does not improve. A persistent fever, especially above 100.4°F (38°C), or the inability to keep fluids down due to severe nausea and vomiting, are also serious indicators.
Other symptoms necessitating prompt medical consultation include rectal bleeding, which may appear as bright red blood or dark, maroon-colored blood in the stool. Signs of shock, such as dizziness, light-headedness, or a rapid heart rate, also indicate a need for emergency care. Consulting a healthcare professional for persistent, unexplained abdominal pain is always advisable to ensure an accurate diagnosis and receive an appropriate treatment plan.