A Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is a specialized medical imaging procedure that uses two distinct low-dose X-ray beams to precisely measure tissue composition. The primary purpose of this quick and non-invasive test is to determine bone mineral density (BMD), which is the standard method for diagnosing osteoporosis and assessing a person’s risk of fracture. A full-body DEXA scan can also provide a detailed analysis of body composition, separating the body into fat mass, lean mass, and bone mass.
Types of Facilities that Offer DEXA Scans
DEXA scanning technology is widely available across several types of medical settings. Hospital radiology departments are a common location, often housing the latest imaging equipment and offering a comprehensive range of services. These facilities benefit from being integrated into a larger medical system, which is convenient if other tests or immediate specialist consultation are needed.
Outpatient imaging centers are another prevalent option, often existing as freestanding facilities dedicated solely to diagnostic scans. These centers frequently provide more flexible scheduling, including evening or weekend appointments, and are generally easier to access than a large hospital complex. A third setting includes specialized physician clinics, such as those focusing on endocrinology, orthopedics, or sports medicine.
Understanding the Referral and Ordering Process
Obtaining a DEXA scan almost always requires a physician’s order to ensure the procedure is medically justified. Primary care physicians, gynecologists, endocrinologists, and rheumatologists are the providers most likely to initiate this request based on established clinical guidelines. Medical necessity for a bone density scan typically involves specific age and risk factor criteria.
Screening is recommended for all women aged 65 and older, and for postmenopausal women under 65 with increased risk factors for osteoporosis. For men, routine screening usually starts at age 70, though earlier screening is indicated if specific conditions are present. Risk factors that trigger a referral for younger individuals include a history of fragility fracture, low body weight, long-term use of high-risk medications like glucocorticoids, or medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. The ordering provider must submit documentation to the imaging facility and the insurer to justify the necessity of the scan.
Navigating Cost and Insurance Coverage
The final price of a DEXA scan depends on whether it is classified as diagnostic or screening, and the type of facility chosen. Without insurance, the cash price for a bone density scan typically falls between $100 and $300, though it can be higher in hospital settings. Insurance coverage is almost always contingent upon the scan being medically necessary to diagnose or monitor a condition like osteoporosis.
Routine screening for eligible individuals is often covered; for example, Medicare Part B typically covers a bone density measurement once every 24 months for those who meet specific criteria. Body composition scans performed for fitness or wellness purposes are rarely covered by medical insurance and are generally paid for out-of-pocket. Even with coverage, patients may be responsible for a co-pay, co-insurance percentage, or the full cost until an annual deductible has been met. Pre-authorization from the insurance company is a common requirement, so confirming coverage details beforehand is advisable.
Preparing for Your Appointment
Preparing for a DEXA scan is straightforward and mainly involves simple steps to ensure the accuracy of the results. Patients should avoid taking any calcium supplements, multivitamins, or calcium-containing antacids for at least 24 hours prior to the test. Undissolved calcium in the digestive system can artificially inflate the bone mineral density reading.
On the day of the appointment, wear loose-fitting, comfortable clothing that is free of metal. Metal objects like zippers, buttons, buckles, and underwire bras can interfere with the X-ray beams and distort the image. The scan itself is a quick procedure, lasting approximately 10 to 20 minutes, during which the patient lies still on a padded table.