Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) is a sophisticated imaging test that uses low-dose X-rays to assess body composition. The primary medical application of this non-invasive procedure is to accurately measure bone mineral density (BMD). By focusing on the strength and thickness of bones, typically in the hip and lower spine, the DEXA scan is the established method for diagnosing osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Defining the Clinical Need
A physician typically orders a DEXA scan to evaluate an individual’s risk for osteoporotic fractures or to monitor bone loss treatment. The test is most frequently recommended as a screening tool for women aged 65 or older and men aged 70 or older. Younger individuals may also be candidates if they have specific risk factors, such as low body weight, a history of fractures after age 50, or certain medical conditions.
The scan compares a patient’s bone density to that of a healthy young adult, producing a T-score that indicates bone health. A T-score below -2.5 is diagnostic for osteoporosis, signifying an increased risk of bone breakage. DEXA scans are also widely used to analyze whole-body composition, providing precise measurements of lean muscle mass and fat mass for fitness or wellness tracking.
Locating a Testing Facility
DEXA scans are generally performed in several types of facilities, offering different advantages in convenience and specialization. The most common location is a hospital’s Radiology or Imaging Department. These hospital settings are reliable for medically necessary bone density testing and provide results interpreted by a credentialed radiologist.
Stand-alone Outpatient Imaging Centers are another common option, often focusing solely on diagnostic imaging. These centers may offer more flexible scheduling and shorter wait times than a busy hospital. For body composition analysis, the scan may be offered at specialized wellness centers, fitness clinics, or mobile scanning units. These non-medical centers offer lower out-of-pocket pricing for muscle and fat analysis but do not provide the official bone density interpretation required for a medical diagnosis.
Navigating the Logistics and Cost
Obtaining a medically-indicated DEXA scan requires a referral from a healthcare provider. This step ensures the test is clinically justified and increases the likelihood of insurance coverage. Once the referral is secured, contact your insurance provider to confirm coverage, as policies vary widely regarding frequency and diagnostic codes.
DEXA scans for osteoporosis screening are frequently covered by Medicare and most private insurance plans for high-risk individuals. The out-of-pocket cost for a medically-ordered scan typically ranges from $100 to $300 without insurance. Non-medical body composition scans at private wellness centers may cost between $100 and $250, and payment is almost always required upfront as these services are not covered by health insurance.
Preparation for the procedure is minimal but important for accurate results. Patients should avoid taking calcium supplements for 24 hours before the test. On the day of the scan, wear loose clothing without metal fasteners, zippers, or buckles, as all metal must be removed from the scanning area. Inform the technician if you have recently undergone any other imaging procedure involving contrast material, as this may interfere with the DEXA results.