N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide, commonly known as DEET, is a highly effective chemical compound used as the active ingredient in insect repellents to prevent bites from mosquitoes, ticks, and biting flies. Developed by the U.S. Army in 1946, DEET works by masking the human scent, making it difficult for biting insects to detect a host. This product is widely used by the public to protect against insect-borne illnesses, such as West Nile virus and Lyme disease.
Choosing the Correct DEET Concentration and Format
When selecting a DEET product, the most important factor to consider is the concentration percentage, which directly determines the duration of protection, not the repellent’s overall effectiveness. Products range from as low as 4% up to 100% DEET, but a higher concentration does not provide better protection from a bite, only longer-lasting protection. For short periods of exposure, such as a backyard barbecue, a lower concentration of 5% to 10% DEET can provide protection for approximately 1 to 2 hours.
If you anticipate being outdoors for several hours, such as while hiking, fishing, or camping, a concentration between 25% and 30% is recommended. This range often offers an average of 5 to 8 hours of sustained protection against mosquitoes and ticks before reapplication becomes necessary. Concentrations above 50% offer little additional increase in protection and may increase the risk of skin irritation for some users.
DEET is available in several formats, including aerosol sprays, pump sprays, lotions, and towelettes, each offering different advantages. Aerosol and pump sprays allow for quick, broad coverage of clothing and large areas of exposed skin. Lotions and controlled-application sprays, on the other hand, are useful for precise application to exposed skin, helping to avoid overspray onto clothing or sensitive areas. Wipes and towelettes are convenient for travel and controlled use, offering a measured dose of the repellent that is easy to carry.
Where to Purchase DEET Products
DEET products are widely available and can be found in several distinct retail categories, making them easy to purchase both online and in person. Major drugstores and pharmacies, such as CVS or Walgreens, consistently stock a variety of DEET products, usually located in the seasonal or first-aid aisles. These locations typically carry popular brands in common concentrations suitable for general family use.
Big-box stores and mass retailers, including Walmart and Target, offer a broader selection, often featuring larger sizes and a wider range of concentrations. You can typically find these products in the garden center, outdoor living, or pest control sections. Sporting goods and outdoor supply stores like REI often carry products with higher DEET concentrations, sometimes up to 100%, marketed for deep woods or maximum protection.
Home improvement centers, such as The Home Depot or Lowe’s, also stock insect repellents, usually alongside their lawn and garden supplies. All major e-commerce platforms, including Amazon and the websites of the retailers mentioned above, sell DEET products, offering the convenience of home delivery. When purchasing in a store, it can be helpful to check the packaging to ensure the product has not exceeded a listed expiration date.
Essential Guidelines for Safe DEET Use
Safe application techniques are necessary to maximize the benefits of DEET while minimizing the potential for skin irritation or other adverse effects. Only apply the product to exposed skin and outer clothing, avoiding application underneath clothing. Use just enough repellent to lightly cover the skin surface, as heavy application or saturation does not improve protection and can increase absorption.
You should never apply DEET to cuts, wounds, or skin that is otherwise irritated or damaged. When applying to the face, always spray the product onto your hands first, then carefully rub it onto the face, avoiding the eyes and mouth entirely. It is important to prevent young children from applying the repellent themselves or getting the product on their hands, as they frequently put their hands near their eyes or mouth.
Products containing DEET should not be used on infants younger than two months of age. For children older than two months, health organizations advise using products containing up to 30% DEET. When you return indoors, you should wash the treated skin with soap and water and wash treated clothing before wearing it again to remove any lingering residue.
DEET is a solvent that can damage certain synthetic materials, including rayon, spandex, acetate, and some plastics. Take care to avoid spraying DEET onto sensitive items, as the chemical can cause them to soften or degrade. These items include:
- Watch crystals
- Sunglasses frames
- Fishing gear
- Painted surfaces