Tailless whip scorpions, scientifically known as amblypygids, are arachnids with a distinctive appearance. They have a broad, flattened body and eight legs, though only six are used for walking in a crab-like, sideways manner. Their most notable features are elongated, whip-like first legs that function as sensory organs, extending several times their body length. They also have large, spiny pedipalps for capturing prey and lack the tail found in true scorpions. Despite their intimidating look, they are not venomous and are harmless to humans.
Worldwide Presence
Tailless whip scorpions primarily inhabit warm, humid environments in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Their distribution spans the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Over 260 described species exist within the order Amblypygi. While some species have broad distributions, others are restricted to specific areas, leading to patchy population patterns.
In the Americas, these arachnids are present throughout Central and South America, extending northward into parts of the southern United States, including Florida, Arizona, and Texas. Genera such as Paraphrynus are prevalent from the southwestern United States to Central America and the Caribbean islands, with many species endemic to Mexico. They are also found in the northernmost regions of South America, including countries like Brazil.
In Africa, tailless whip scorpions inhabit diverse areas, adapting to the warm and humid conditions of the region. This includes West African countries such as Cameroon, Ghana, and Ivory Coast, and regions in South Africa. In Asia, they are found in Southeast Asia and India, where several species have been documented. This broad continental spread highlights their adaptability to warm, humid climates.
Habitat Preferences
Tailless whip scorpions prefer micro-environments with high humidity, darkness, and stable temperatures. They are primarily nocturnal, retreating during daylight hours to avoid excessive heat and light. These arachnids require humidity levels from 60% to 90%, though some semi-arid species tolerate slightly lower levels.
They commonly reside in natural shelters such as caves, rock crevices, and under large boulders, which provide consistent humidity and protection from temperature fluctuations. In damp forested areas, they often hide beneath leaf litter, decaying logs, and loose tree bark, utilizing moist conditions and concealment. Their dorsoventrally flattened bodies allow them to squeeze into narrow spaces, providing camouflage and protection from predators.
Some species inhabit tree hollows, cavities, and dense foliage, particularly in arboreal environments. In humid regions, they may be found in abandoned structures or even inside homes. These habitats provide a stable environment for their survival. The availability of sheltered, humid spaces is important for their presence in an area.