Florida is home to several scorpion species. These arachnids are present across the state but generally sting only when provoked or accidentally trapped. Understanding their habits can help minimize encounters.
Types of Scorpions Found in Florida
Florida hosts a few common scorpion species, each with distinct characteristics. The Florida bark scorpion (Centruroides gracilis) is one of the most frequently encountered species. They reach two to four inches and are typically brown with small yellow dashes. Their venom, while capable of causing significant pain, is generally less potent than that of some Central or South American relatives.
The Hentz striped scorpion (Centruroides hentzi) is another widespread species, considered by some the most common in the United States. These smaller scorpions measure 1.5 to 2.5 inches and are dark brown to tan, often with yellow-green stripes. Their sting can be painful but typically does not result in severe medical consequences for humans. The Guiana striped scorpion (Centruroides guianensis) is less common but present, typically reaching 1.5 to three inches. They are predominantly yellow with a brown back and two dark stripes.
Preferred Habitats and Behaviors
Scorpions seek environments providing shelter and moisture. Outdoors, they commonly reside under rocks, logs, and leaf litter. They also frequent debris piles, woodpiles, and gardens for cover during daylight hours. Some species, like the Hentz striped scorpion, are found under the bark of standing or fallen trees, sometimes up to 20 feet high.
When scorpions enter dwellings, they search for cool, dark, secluded spots. Common indoor hiding places include attics, garages, and crawl spaces. They may also take refuge in dark closets, under appliances, or behind furniture. Scorpions are nocturnal, most active at night when they emerge to hunt prey. This means they might be encountered in unexpected indoor locations like shoes or folded clothing, so shake out such items before use.
Geographic Presence Across Florida
Scorpions are found throughout Florida, though concentrations vary by region and species. The Hentz striped scorpion is widely distributed and common in nearly all parts of the state. The Florida bark scorpion is also found across the state, including the Panhandle and southern areas. Their adaptability allows them to thrive in natural and urban environments.
The Guiana striped scorpion, however, has a more restricted distribution. This species is primarily found in the southernmost regions, particularly in hot, humid areas like Collier, Miami-Dade, and Monroe counties. While scorpions are present statewide, areas with suitable climate and abundant natural cover, such as Central and South Florida, often have higher populations. New construction areas can also see increased scorpion activity as their natural habitats are disturbed.