Minks are carnivorous mammals belonging to the Mustelidae family, which also includes weasels, otters, and ferrets. They are semi-aquatic, found near water bodies, and historically prized for their dense, valuable fur. They are adapted to various environments, with a slender body, short legs, and a rich, dark brown coat.
Native Habitats of Mink Species
The global distribution of mink species varies significantly, with distinct native ranges for each.
The American mink (Neogale vison) is originally found across most of North America, extending from Florida to Alaska. This species is highly adaptable, thriving in diverse aquatic environments such as rivers, streams, lakes, swamps, and coastal areas.
In contrast, the European mink (Mustela lutreola) once inhabited a wide expanse across Europe, from northern Spain to the Ural Mountains in Russia. However, its historical range has dramatically shrunk, and it is now listed as critically endangered. Fragmented populations primarily persist in parts of Eastern Europe, including the Danube Delta in Romania and Ukraine, and isolated pockets in northern Spain and southwestern France.
A third species, the Sea mink (Neogale macrodon), is now extinct. This larger mink species was native to the rocky coasts of northeastern North America, specifically around the Gulf of Maine, extending from Massachusetts to Nova Scotia. It was hunted to extinction by the late 19th or early 20th century, primarily due to demand for its fur.
Mink Beyond Their Original Homes
The American mink’s presence extends far beyond its native North American continent. This global spread largely resulted from fur farming, which began in the early 20th century. American minks were widely introduced to Europe, Asia, and South America for commercial fur production.
Escapes from these fur farms led to the establishment of wild, self-sustaining populations in non-native regions. These populations became widespread in many parts of Europe, including the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, and other continental European countries, as well as in Japan and Chile.
Once established, these introduced American mink populations often become invasive species, posing a significant ecological threat. They prey on native wildlife, including ground-nesting birds, waterfowl, small mammals, and amphibians, leading to declines in local species. The American mink also competes with and preys upon the critically endangered European mink, further contributing to its decline in its dwindling native range.