Green iguanas, large green lizards, are a common sight across Florida, particularly in the southern regions. These reptiles are not native to the state, and their widespread presence highlights a significant aspect of Florida’s diverse ecosystems.
Where Iguanas Live in Florida
Green iguanas are predominantly found in South Florida, thriving in its warm, humid climate. Their populations are heavily concentrated in coastal counties like Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, and the Florida Keys. They are occasionally sighted as far north as Alachua and Hillsborough counties, though sustained populations are less likely in cooler areas.
These adaptable lizards favor habitats with vegetation for food and elevated spots for basking. They are frequently observed along canals, seawalls, and in residential areas with lush landscaping. Urban and suburban environments provide ample resources and structures where iguanas can rest. Their ability to swim allows them to use Florida’s canal systems for dispersal, expanding their range.
How Iguanas Became Established
The presence of green iguanas in Florida largely stems from the pet trade. They were first reported in the 1960s, with some arriving as accidental stowaways on cargo ships, particularly from Cuba. Many more escaped captivity or were intentionally released by owners who could no longer care for them.
Florida’s subtropical climate proved an ideal environment for these reptiles, closely mimicking their native ranges in Central and South America. With abundant food sources and a lack of natural predators, iguanas were able to survive, reproduce rapidly, and establish breeding populations across the landscape.
Consequences of Their Presence
The proliferation of green iguanas in Florida has led to various environmental and property issues. Ecologically, these primarily herbivorous lizards consume a wide array of native and ornamental plants, including flowers, fruits, and foliage. They also eat the eggs of native birds and other wildlife, and compete with native species for food and shelter. For instance, iguanas have been documented using burrows of threatened species like the Florida burrowing owl and gopher tortoise.
Beyond ecological concerns, iguanas cause property damage. Their burrowing habits can undermine foundations, seawalls, sidewalks, and canal banks, leading to costly repairs. They also damage roofs, pool screens, and gardens by eating plants. Their droppings on docks, patios, and pool areas are a common complaint, as their feces can carry Salmonella bacteria.
Efforts to Control Iguanas
In Florida, green iguanas are classified as a non-native, invasive species and are not protected by law, except by anti-cruelty statutes. Homeowners are permitted to humanely remove them from private property year-round without a special license or permit. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) encourages their removal to mitigate impacts.
Common control methods include trapping, professional removal services, and deterrence techniques. Property owners can modify landscapes by removing attractive plants, filling burrows, and installing barriers on trees and seawalls. It is illegal to relocate captured iguanas within Florida; they must either be kept in captivity or humanely euthanized.