While elk were once absent from Missouri’s landscapes, these impressive animals have made a notable return. Their re-establishment marks a significant chapter in the state’s wildlife conservation story, drawing increasing interest from those curious about their current presence. Understanding where these herds reside and how they are managed provides insight into Missouri’s thriving natural heritage.
A Look Back at Missouri’s Elk History
Elk were widespread across Missouri before European settlement but disappeared by 1865 due to unregulated market hunting and habitat destruction. The Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) explored reintroducing them with a 2000 feasibility study, gaining public support for their return to the Ozarks. Despite initial concerns, a restoration plan was approved in 2010. The first 108 elk, sourced from Kentucky, arrived in Missouri between 2011 and 2013, forming the foundation of the new herd.
Current Strongholds of Missouri Elk
Today, Missouri’s elk population is concentrated in the state’s southeast region, centered around the Peck Ranch Conservation Area in Shannon County, near Winona. The elk also range into adjacent areas of Carter and Reynolds counties. This designated restoration zone encompasses approximately 346 square miles, providing a large expanse for the growing herd. Rugged, forested hills, hollows, glades, and open pastures offer ideal habitat.
The current population is showing encouraging growth, with estimates from early 2023 indicating between 275 and 300 elk. More recent data from August 2024 suggests the population is likely above 320 animals, including around 140 adults and 40 to 50 calves. Peck Ranch Conservation Area typically hosts about 70 percent of the herd, while the remaining elk can be found within the nearby Current River Conservation Area. These areas provide the diverse foraging opportunities, including grasses, forbs, and woody browse, that support the elk’s dietary needs throughout the year.
Opportunities for Elk Viewing
For elk observation, Peck Ranch Conservation Area offers accessible self-guided driving tours. The most favorable times for spotting elk are during the crepuscular hours, either right after sunrise or just before sunset, when the animals are most active. While sightings are not guaranteed, the fall months are an excellent time to visit due to changing foliage and increased elk activity during the rutting season.
Visitors should remain in their vehicles while viewing to avoid disturbing elk or other wildlife. Bringing binoculars and a camera with a long lens can enhance the experience, as elk may be at varying distances. Gravel roads within Peck Ranch may require vehicles with adequate ground clearance. Further information and maps for driving tours can be obtained from the Twin Pines Conservation Education Center.
Ongoing Conservation Efforts
MDC manages and protects Missouri’s elk population. Researchers regularly capture and monitor elk to assess their health, growth, and mobility. MDC’s long-term objective is to grow the population to between 400 and 500 animals, with benchmarks established to consider a managed hunting season once certain population thresholds are met.
Conservation efforts involve health protocols, including disease testing for chronic wasting disease, to safeguard elk and other wildlife. Challenges like meningeal worm, which contributes to calf mortality, are actively addressed by wildlife managers. The MDC collaborates with private landowners, providing resources for habitat management, including converting non-native grasses to native species, controlling invasive plants, and implementing prescribed burns. This approach, supported by public interest, ensures the continued presence and growth of elk in Missouri.