The American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) is a crocodilian species found across the Neotropics, with its northernmost range extending into South Florida. Unlike their more common alligator relatives, American crocodiles are shy and reclusive, generally preferring to avoid human interaction.
Typical Florida Habitats
American crocodiles in Florida primarily inhabit coastal areas, thriving in brackish and saltwater environments. These include mangrove swamps, coastal estuaries, ponds, coves, and creeks. Their ability to excrete excess salt through specialized glands allows them to flourish in these saline conditions, a key difference from alligators that prefer freshwater.
The majority of Florida’s American crocodile population is concentrated in the southern tip of the peninsula. Specific geographical areas include Everglades National Park, Florida Bay, Biscayne Bay, and the Florida Keys. A notable population also exists near Homestead, particularly around the Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station. While their primary range is south of Miami, some individuals have been sighted further north in coastal areas like Palm Beach and Sarasota counties. These coastal habitats provide warm temperatures, ample food, and suitable nesting sites.
Distinguishing Crocodiles from Alligators
Differentiating between American crocodiles and alligators, both coexisting in South Florida, involves observing several key features. One distinction is snout shape: crocodiles have a narrower, more pointed, V-shaped snout, while alligators have a broader, rounded, U-shaped snout. This difference is linked to their diets, with the crocodile’s V-shape suited for catching fish and agile prey, and the alligator’s U-shape adapted for crushing hard-shelled prey.
Another identifying characteristic is tooth visibility. When an alligator’s mouth is closed, its upper jaw overlaps the lower, concealing most teeth. In contrast, a crocodile’s upper and lower jaws are more aligned, with the fourth tooth on each side of its lower jaw visible even when its mouth is closed. Additionally, crocodiles typically have a lighter, grayish-green or tan coloration, while alligators tend to be darker.
Living Alongside Crocodiles
Coexisting with American crocodiles in Florida requires awareness and adherence to safety guidelines. They are more likely to slip quietly into the water if startled rather than approach people.
To ensure safety, maintain a respectful distance from any wild crocodilian. Feeding wildlife, including crocodiles, should be avoided as it can habituate them to humans and alter their natural behaviors. Keeping pets on leashes and away from the water’s edge, particularly in areas known to harbor crocodiles, is crucial since pets can resemble natural prey. While negative encounters are rare, remaining observant of surroundings helps promote peaceful coexistence.