Cougars, also known as mountain lions or pumas, were once native to Michigan but were considered extirpated from the state by the early 1900s. For decades, their presence was largely dismissed. However, growing evidence and official recognition now confirm these elusive big cats are returning to Michigan’s wild areas.
Documented Presence
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) confirms cougar presence through verified physical evidence, including trail camera photographs, distinctive tracks, scat analysis, and DNA samples obtained from hair or other biological materials. The DNR maintains a team of wildlife biologists who review reported observations and conduct site visits to verify authenticity. Since 2008, the DNR has officially confirmed at least 82 instances of cougar presence in Michigan. This number reflects confirmed reports, and a single cougar may be documented multiple times as it moves across the landscape. Recent DNA studies suggest many confirmed cougars are transient males dispersing from breeding populations in states like North and South Dakota.
In March 2025, cougar cubs were confirmed for the first time in over a century in Michigan. Photographs verified by state biologists showed two cubs with their mother in Ontonagon County. This confirmation suggests the potential establishment of a breeding female within the state, a development not previously observed in recent decades.
Areas of Occurrence
Confirmed cougar sightings primarily occur in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula (UP), particularly in its western and central regions. This area provides extensive forested habitats and lower human population densities, favorable for these solitary animals. Specific counties with consistent confirmations include Gogebic, Ontonagon, Delta, Schoolcraft, Dickinson, Baraga, and Marquette. The dense, undeveloped wilderness of the UP offers suitable environments for cougar movement and potential establishment.
While most confirmed reports originate from the Upper Peninsula, at least one official sighting occurred in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula in Clinton County in 2017. Earlier DNA analysis also found cougar evidence in northern Lower Peninsula counties such as Presque Isle, Alcona, and Roscommon. Despite these isolated instances, the Upper Peninsula remains the primary documented area of cougar activity in Michigan.
Safety and Coexistence
Encountering a cougar in Michigan is rare due to their secretive nature and low population density. Individuals in or visiting confirmed cougar areas can take safety steps. Be aware of surroundings, especially at dawn and dusk when cougars are most active. Keep children and pets close in wooded or remote areas to minimize potential risks.
If a cougar encounter occurs, do not run, as this can trigger a chase response. Instead, face the animal, stand tall, and appear as large as possible by waving arms or opening a jacket. Speaking loudly and firmly can deter the animal. If a cougar attacks, fight back with any available means, rather than playing dead. Report any cougar sightings to the Michigan DNR for tracking their presence and movements.