Catfish are a diverse group of freshwater fish found globally. They are recognized by their distinctive whisker-like barbels, which are harmless sensory organs. Catfish also possess specialized bony spines, prompting questions about safe interaction.
Where Catfish Spines Are Located
Catfish have sharp, bony spines located within their fins. These are primarily found on the leading edge of their pectoral fins, with one spine on each side just behind the head, and a single spine on the top, in the dorsal fin. These rigid structures are often serrated, featuring small, backward-pointing barbs.
A thin layer of skin covers these spines. The sharpness can vary, with smaller catfish having more pointed spines that can easily pierce skin.
The Purpose of Catfish Spines
The primary purpose of catfish spines is defense against predators. When threatened, a catfish can instinctively lock these spines into an erect, outward position. This makes the fish more difficult for a predator to swallow, increasing its perceived size.
Many catfish species also possess venom glands associated with these spines. When a spine punctures skin, these glands can release a toxin into the wound. This venom causes immediate and severe pain, inflammation, and swelling at the injury site.
Safe Handling of Catfish
Safely handling a catfish requires awareness of its spines and proper techniques. Grasp the fish firmly behind its pectoral fins, placing your thumb and fingers behind the bony “shoulder blades” that support these spines. For smaller fish, place your hand behind the dorsal spine to control its movements. Wearing puncture-resistant gloves offers added protection.
Tools like fish grippers or lip grips can secure the fish without direct hand contact. Pliers or specialized hook removal tools are also beneficial for safely extracting hooks, minimizing the need to handle a struggling fish.
What to Do If Stung
If a catfish spine punctures the skin, immediate action is recommended. Clean the wound thoroughly with soap and fresh water. Immerse the affected area in water as hot as can be tolerated for 30 to 90 minutes; this can help relieve pain by denaturing the venom. Carefully remove any embedded spine fragments with tweezers.
Seek medical attention if severe pain persists, swelling worsens, or signs of infection develop. Oral antibiotics may be necessary to prevent complications. Do not use ice, as it can intensify the pain.