Black bears are now a confirmed part of Missouri’s wildlife, increasingly common in the southern regions. Their presence marks a significant ecological return, contributing to the state’s biodiversity. Understanding their distribution, historical context, and how to coexist is beneficial for residents and visitors.
Current Distribution and Habitat
Black bears in Missouri are primarily found in the Ozark Highlands, encompassing much of the southern part of the state. Their core range is generally south of Interstate 44, which includes heavily forested areas. These environments provide dense tree cover, abundant natural food sources like acorns and berries, and access to water. While most bears reside in the southern third of Missouri, sightings have become more frequent in other areas, including northward expansions towards the Lake of the Ozarks and into counties near St. Louis (Jefferson, Franklin, Washington, and Crawford). These sightings often involve younger male bears dispersing from their established ranges.
The black bear population continues to grow and expand its range, indicating adaptability to various habitats within Missouri. They utilize forested corridors, including river systems, to move into new areas, often recolonizing regions where they were once present. This spread demonstrates Missouri possesses suitable habitat beyond the traditional core range, allowing the population to thrive and extend its reach.
Historical Return and Population Growth
Black bears are native to Missouri, but by the early 20th century, their population had dwindled significantly due to unregulated hunting and habitat loss. It was widely believed they had been completely extirpated from the state by the mid-1900s, with some sources indicating their disappearance by 1931. However, a small remnant population may have persisted in remote parts of the Ozarks, as suggested by genetic evidence.
The primary driver of their comeback was a reintroduction program initiated by the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission in 1958. Over 200 bears from Minnesota and Manitoba, Canada, were relocated to Arkansas, and as that population expanded, bears naturally dispersed northward into Missouri. Sightings in Missouri increased notably after the early 2000s, confirming the re-establishment of a breeding population. The state’s black bear population has grown significantly, with estimates ranging from 540 to 840 bears in 2019, and approximately 900 bears in 2023. This population is growing at an estimated rate of about 8-9 percent annually, indicating a robust and expanding presence in the state.
Living Alongside Black Bears
With the expanding black bear population, understanding how to coexist safely is important for residents and visitors. Bears are often attracted to human food sources, which can lead to conflicts. To prevent issues, secure trash in bear-resistant containers or store it inside until collection. Removing bird feeders (especially April-November) and cleaning barbecue grills after use can deter bears from residential areas. Pet food and livestock feed should not be left unattended outdoors.
When recreating where bears are present, making noise while hiking (e.g., talking loudly or clapping) can prevent surprising a bear. Traveling in groups is also recommended, as larger groups appear more formidable. If an encounter occurs, remain calm and do not run, as bears may chase fleeing animals. Instead, speak in a calm, loud voice, slowly back away, and make yourself appear as large as possible without direct eye contact. If a bear approaches, fighting back aggressively is recommended, especially targeting the face and muzzle.