Georgia is home to a notable population of black bears. Once facing decline due to habitat loss, sound wildlife management practices have allowed these animals to recover. Their expanding range brings them into closer contact with human communities, highlighting the need to understand their habitats and behaviors.
Key Bear Habitats in Georgia
Black bears in Georgia are primarily concentrated in three distinct regions. The North Georgia mountains represent the most established and densest population area, inhabiting vast stretches of forested land like the Chattahoochee National Forest. These forests provide abundant natural food sources and security.
A significant bear population also extends into central Georgia, particularly along the Ocmulgee River drainage system. This area consists of river corridors and large tracts of private timberland, offering suitable habitat and pathways for bear movement. Additionally, black bears are found in the swampy, coastal plain regions of South Georgia, notably within and around the Okefenokee Swamp, including Cumberland Island. Bears are continuously expanding their range across the state.
Georgia’s Black Bears
The black bear is the only bear species found in Georgia. While often called “black” bears, their fur color can vary, sometimes appearing brown or cinnamon. They are adept climbers and swimmers, capable of running up to 30 miles per hour. As omnivores, their diet is diverse, including vegetation, insects, and carrion. They possess an excellent sense of smell.
Understanding Bear Movements
Black bear movements are largely influenced by the availability of food sources throughout the year. In spring, bears emerge from dens and seek tender vegetation. As summer progresses, their diet shifts to berries and other fruits. Fall is a crucial time for bears to forage for acorns, nuts, and other hard mast, essential for building fat reserves before winter.
Mating season, which typically occurs in July, also increases bear activity and movement. Human development can draw bears into suburban or urban areas, as human-provided food sources like garbage or pet food can be easily accessible. In late January or February, female bears give birth to cubs in their winter dens, where they remain until spring.
Coexisting with Bears
Living in areas with black bears requires adopting practices that minimize human-bear conflicts. Securing food sources prevents bears from associating human dwellings with easy meals. This includes using bear-resistant garbage cans, bringing pet food indoors, cleaning outdoor grills, and picking up fallen fruit from trees.
For those who enjoy camping or hiking, proper food storage is important. Food should be stored in vehicles or, when backpacking, hoisted high into trees. Making noise while hiking can help avoid surprising a bear. In the rare event of a bear encounter, remain calm, avoid running, make yourself appear large, and make noise to deter the bear. Slowly backing away is also advised. Any nuisance bears or emergencies should be reported to the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR).