American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) are present in Oklahoma, primarily inhabiting the state’s southeastern regions. They represent the northwestern edge of their species’ natural range. While their population in Oklahoma is relatively small compared to other southern states, they are a native component of the local ecosystem.
Primary Habitats in Oklahoma
Alligators in Oklahoma are predominantly found in the southeastern corner of the state, particularly within the Gulf Coastal Plain. Key areas include the Red Slough Wildlife Management Area and the Little River National Wildlife Refuge. These protected areas offer suitable wetland environments.
The highest concentrations of alligators are observed in McCurtain and Choctaw counties. They also inhabit parts of Bryan and Love counties, primarily within the Red and Little River systems. These river systems and their associated wetlands provide the permanent water sources and marshy habitats alligators need.
Factors Influencing Their Presence
The presence of alligators in southeastern Oklahoma is largely due to the region’s climate and abundant aquatic environments. This part of the state offers moderate temperatures and extensive bottomland hardwood habitats. These conditions are suitable for alligators, which are cold-blooded and depend on external temperatures for warmth.
Alligators can also exhibit a survival technique called brumation during colder periods, sticking their snouts out of frozen water to breathe.
American alligators are native to Oklahoma, with observations dating back to the late 1800s. While a small native population has always existed, their numbers were likely scarce and localized. Some current alligator populations may also include individuals that have immigrated from neighboring states like Arkansas and Louisiana, or relocated nuisance alligators and released pets.
Encountering Alligators Safely
Interacting with alligators requires caution. Maintain a safe distance, generally at least 10 to 30 feet, from any alligator encountered. Approaching or feeding alligators can cause them to lose their natural fear of humans, creating dangerous situations.
To enhance safety, keep pets leashed and away from the water’s edge in alligator habitats, as they can be mistaken for natural prey. Avoid swimming during dusk or dawn, when alligators are most active in their feeding behaviors. If an alligator vocalizes with a hiss or makes a brief charge, it is a warning that you are too close; back away slowly. Any alligator sightings in unexpected areas should be reported to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation.