An electroencephalogram, commonly known as an EEG, is a medical test that measures the electrical activity occurring in the brain. Brain cells communicate through electrical impulses, and an EEG captures this activity as wavy lines on a recording. This diagnostic tool helps healthcare providers identify potential issues with brain function and can assist in diagnosing a range of neurological conditions.
Identifying Testing Facilities
EEG tests are conducted in several types of medical facilities. Hospitals frequently offer EEG services, often within their outpatient departments or specialized neurology and epilepsy monitoring units, which are equipped for complex or prolonged monitoring, including video-EEG. Specialized neurology clinics and private doctor’s offices are common locations for routine EEG tests, providing a focused environment for neurological evaluations. Some diagnostic imaging centers also offer EEG testing as part of their comprehensive suite of neurological assessments. The choice of facility depends on the specific type of EEG required and the healthcare provider’s recommendation.
Navigating the Referral and Scheduling Process
Obtaining an EEG test requires a referral from a healthcare provider, such as a primary care physician or a neurologist. This ensures the test is medically necessary and guides the diagnostic process. Once referred, contact the medical facility to schedule the appointment; many have dedicated scheduling departments. Inquire about insurance coverage during scheduling, as most private health insurance plans and Medicare Part B cover EEG procedures when medically necessary. Understanding potential out-of-pocket costs, deductibles, or co-payments beforehand helps patients prepare financially.
Preparing for and Understanding the Procedure
Preparing for the Procedure
Preparation for an EEG test ensures accurate results. Patients should wash their hair the night before or morning of the test, avoiding hair products like conditioners, oils, or sprays, which can interfere with electrode adhesion. Avoid caffeine for at least eight hours prior, as it affects brain activity. Discuss all medications with your doctor, who will advise on any necessary adjustments. For sleep EEGs, patients might be asked to reduce sleep the night before to encourage sleep during the test.
Understanding the Procedure
During the EEG, a technician measures the head and marks scalp locations where electrodes are attached. These are secured with a special paste or gel, or sometimes an elastic cap. The electrodes record the brain’s electrical signals. A routine EEG typically lasts 20 to 40 minutes, though the entire appointment may take 60 to 90 minutes. During recording, patients relax, remain still, and may receive instructions like opening/closing eyes, deep breaths, or observing a flashing light to elicit different brainwave patterns.
After the test, electrodes are removed, and any remaining paste is cleaned from the scalp. A neurologist analyzes the recorded brain activity, and results are typically sent to the referring doctor within a few days to a couple of weeks.