Braxton Hicks contractions are a normal part of pregnancy, often described as a tightening sensation in the abdomen. These “practice” contractions are common and can begin as early as the second trimester, frequently noticed around 20 weeks of gestation. Understanding these contractions helps provide reassurance, allowing expectant parents to distinguish them from true labor.
Understanding Braxton Hicks Contractions
Braxton Hicks contractions typically feel like a firming or tightening across the belly, which can sometimes be mistaken for mild menstrual cramps. They are irregular, unpredictable, and do not follow a rhythmic pattern. These contractions usually do not increase in intensity or duration over time and often subside with a change in activity, such as walking, resting, or changing positions, or by increasing fluid intake to address dehydration.
The physiological purpose of Braxton Hicks contractions involves preparing the uterus for childbirth. They help tone the uterine muscles and may play a role in softening the cervix. The intermittent tightening of the uterine muscle can promote blood flow to the placenta, which helps deliver oxygen-rich blood to the developing fetus. These contractions act as a form of “rehearsal” for the more intense contractions of true labor.
Distinguishing Braxton Hicks from True Labor
Differentiating Braxton Hicks contractions from true labor contractions involves observing several key characteristics. They typically cause discomfort primarily in the front of the abdomen or in one specific area.
In contrast, true labor contractions exhibit a distinct pattern: they become more regular, stronger, and occur at increasingly shorter intervals. The pain associated with true labor is generally more intense and may start in the lower back, wrapping around to the front of the abdomen, sometimes even extending to the legs. Unlike Braxton Hicks, true labor contractions will continue and may even intensify with movement or changes in activity, and they do not subside with rest or hydration. True labor contractions also cause the cervix to dilate and thin, a process that Braxton Hicks contractions do not achieve.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention, as they could indicate preterm labor or other complications, especially around 20 weeks. Contact a healthcare provider if contractions become regular, strong, or increase in intensity, particularly if they occur every 10 minutes or more often.
Other concerning signs include any vaginal bleeding or spotting, which is not typical of Braxton Hicks and requires prompt evaluation. The leakage of fluid from the vagina, whether a sudden gush or a steady trickle, could indicate that the amniotic sac has broken. An increase in vaginal discharge, especially if it changes in consistency (watery, mucousy, or bloody) or volume, is another symptom to report.
Additional symptoms that require medical consultation include a feeling of pelvic pressure or a sensation that the baby is pushing down. A dull backache, particularly if it is new or persistent and not relieved by position changes. Any decrease in fetal movement, severe abdominal pain, or a general feeling that “something isn’t right.” It is always best to contact a healthcare provider if there is any uncertainty about symptoms.