A baby’s fever often signals the body is fighting an infection. Understanding when medical attention is needed and how to manage it at home is crucial. This guide covers temperature measurement and concerning symptoms.
Defining Fever and Measurement
A fever in a baby is generally defined as a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher. Rectal temperature is considered the most accurate for infants, especially those under three months. Digital thermometers are recommended for accurate readings.
To take a rectal temperature, lubricate the tip of a digital thermometer with petroleum jelly. Gently insert it about 0.5 to 1 inch into the baby’s rectum and hold it in place until the thermometer signals completion.
Armpit (axillary) temperatures are less accurate but can be used for an initial check. Forehead (temporal artery) thermometers can be accurate, particularly for children three months and older. Ear (tympanic) thermometers are accurate for babies over six months but may give misleading readings if not positioned correctly.
When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention
The urgency of seeking medical attention for a baby’s fever depends on their age and the presence of other symptoms.
For Newborns (Under 3 Months)
For newborns under three months old, any fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher warrants immediate medical attention. Young infants have developing immune systems, and a fever can indicate a severe infection requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. Seek an emergency department visit or immediate contact with a healthcare provider, even without other symptoms.
For Infants (3 to 6 Months)
For infants three to six months old, contact a doctor if their temperature reaches 102°F (38.9°C) or higher. Also seek advice if their temperature is 100.4°F (38°C) or higher and they appear unwell, or if other signs of illness like a rash are present.
For Babies (6 Months and Older)
For babies six months and older, a fever above 103°F (39.4°C) or 102.2°F (39°C) may require a doctor’s visit, especially if it persists over 24 hours. The baby’s overall behavior is also key. Seek medical attention if they are not acting like themselves, appear lethargic, or show other concerning signs.
Red Flag Symptoms
Several red flag symptoms necessitate immediate medical attention regardless of the baby’s age or temperature. These include difficulty breathing (e.g., grunting, rapid breathing, chest indrawing), a stiff neck, or a new rash that doesn’t fade when pressed. Signs of dehydration include fewer wet diapers, no tears, or a sunken soft spot. Other concerning signs are inconsolable crying, extreme irritability, unusual drowsiness, difficulty waking, poor feeding, or seizures.
Managing Fever at Home
When a baby’s fever does not meet the criteria for immediate medical attention, several steps can be taken to provide comfort and monitor their condition at home.
Ensure the baby stays well-hydrated by offering breast milk or formula frequently. For babies over six months, small amounts of water or electrolyte solutions can be offered.
Dress the baby in light clothing to help their body release heat. Keep the room at a comfortable, cool temperature to aid in temperature regulation. A lukewarm sponge bath can help reduce fever, but avoid cold water or alcohol rubs, which can cause shivering and potentially increase body temperature. Always supervise the baby during a bath.
Fever-reducing medications can be used if the baby is uncomfortable or distressed. Always confirm the correct dosage with a healthcare provider or product label. Acetaminophen is safe for infants over two months, and ibuprofen for babies six months and older. Do not give aspirin to children due to the risk of Reye’s syndrome, a rare but serious condition.
Preparing for a Doctor’s Visit
When seeking medical care for a baby’s fever, preparing relevant information helps the healthcare provider make an accurate assessment. Note the baby’s exact temperature and measurement method. Document any other symptoms observed, including onset and progression, such as changes in feeding, diaper output, activity levels, crying, or behavior. Share information about recent illness exposures and any medications given, including type, dosage, and time administered.