Allopurinol is a medication prescribed to manage conditions linked to elevated uric acid levels in the body. It functions by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, an enzyme responsible for uric acid production. This action helps to reduce the amount of uric acid circulating in the blood and urine. The medication is commonly used to prevent gout attacks, a type of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe joint pain, and to prevent certain kinds of kidney stones that result from high uric acid.
Optimal Daily Timing
Allopurinol is taken once a day; higher doses may be split into two. For consistent management of uric acid levels, take the medication at approximately the same time each day. Taking it after a meal is recommended to minimize stomach upset.
Staying well-hydrated is important for treatment with allopurinol, especially for individuals prone to kidney stones. Drinking a sufficient amount of fluids helps the kidneys flush out uric acid and can prevent the formation of new stones. Consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice.
Initiating and Adjusting Treatment
Treatment with allopurinol begins with a low dose, often 100 mg once daily, to allow the body to adjust. For individuals with impaired kidney function, the starting dose may be even lower, such as 50 mg daily, with cautious adjustments. A healthcare provider will gradually increase the dose over several weeks until the serum uric acid level reaches a target of 6 mg/dL or less.
Dose adjustment can take several weeks or even months to achieve the desired uric acid control. Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor uric acid levels and guide these dose changes. Allopurinol is a long-term medication for chronic conditions like gout and should be continued even during acute gout attacks, unless otherwise advised by a doctor. Initially, some people may experience an increase in gout flares as uric acid levels begin to shift, but this is a temporary phase as existing crystals dissolve.
Addressing Missed Doses
If a dose of allopurinol is missed, it should be taken as soon as it is remembered. However, if it is nearly time for the next scheduled dose, the missed dose should be skipped entirely. In such cases, patients should simply resume their regular dosing schedule with the next planned dose.
Never take a double dose to compensate for a missed one. Doubling doses can increase the risk of side effects. Setting a daily alarm or using other reminders can help maintain a consistent dosing schedule.