The annual arrival of hummingbirds in Oklahoma signals the return of these tiny, energetic travelers. These birds, primarily the Ruby-throated Hummingbird, complete an impressive migration from their wintering grounds in Central America. Providing a timely and safe nectar source supports these birds after their long journey. Understanding the specific timing for setting up and taking down feeders, along with proper maintenance, ensures you are a responsible host to these seasonal visitors.
The Critical Timing for Spring Setup
The safest window for placing hummingbird feeders outside in Oklahoma begins in mid-March. This early timing is intended to capture the first male scouts, who arrive ahead of the main migration to establish feeding territories. These male Ruby-throats are often the first to cross the state’s southern border, having completed the taxing flight across the Gulf of Mexico.
While the earliest birds may arrive in March, the bulk of the population, including females, reaches Oklahoma between early and mid-April. Placing your feeder out too late risks missing the initial arrivals who need a quick energy source. Given Oklahoma’s variable spring weather, an early setup ensures that migrating birds are not overlooked if natural food sources are temporarily scarce.
Proper Nectar Recipe and Feeder Placement
The artificial nectar provided in feeders must be safe for the birds. A simple mixture of one part refined white granulated sugar dissolved into four parts water provides the correct energy concentration for hummingbirds. Briefly boiling the water before adding the sugar helps the solution last longer.
Use only white granulated sugar, as alternative sweeteners like honey, brown sugar, or artificial substitutes can be harmful or toxic to hummingbirds. The use of red food dye is unnecessary and should be avoided; the red coloring on the feeder itself is sufficient to attract the birds. The nectar solution must be replaced frequently to prevent spoilage, which occurs rapidly in warm temperatures.
During Oklahoma’s hot summer months, the feeder must be cleaned and refilled every two to three days. Cleaning requires a thorough scrubbing with a bottle brush and hot water. Completely avoid the use of soap or detergents, which can leave residues that contaminate the nectar.
Placing the feeder in a shaded area is beneficial, as direct sunlight accelerates the fermentation and spoilage of the sugar water. Feeders should be hung near natural cover, such as trees or shrubs. This provides the birds with a safe perch and an escape route from potential predators.
Knowing When to Take Feeders Down
The removal of feeders in the fall begins as early as September for the first departing males. The concern that leaving a feeder out will prevent hummingbirds from migrating is a misconception. Their migration is triggered by hormonal changes linked to decreasing daylight hours, not the availability of food.
The main population of females and young birds will continue their journey south through late September and into early October. To support late-season travelers, including less common western species like the Rufous Hummingbird that may pass through, keep feeders operational until at least two weeks after the last hummingbird sighting. In Oklahoma, this often means maintaining the feeder until mid-October or early November. Once the birds have definitively moved on, the feeder should be thoroughly cleaned, dried, and stored for the winter.