Hummingbirds are captivating creatures, known for their iridescent plumage and rapid wing beats. Their seasonal presence brings a unique vibrancy to any outdoor space. Providing resources for these tiny birds not only offers a chance to observe them closely but also supports their demanding energy needs throughout their migratory journeys.
Spring Arrival in Iowa
Hummingbirds begin their arrival in Iowa from mid- to late April. The earliest arrivals, often male ruby-throated hummingbirds, appear first to establish breeding territories, about two weeks before the females follow.
It is beneficial to place feeders outdoors approximately one to two weeks before the expected arrival dates, specifically around mid-April in Iowa. This early placement ensures feeders are available for the first migrating birds, who need a high-energy food source after their long journey from wintering grounds in Central America or southern Mexico. Early season natural nectar sources can be limited, making feeders particularly important for these arriving hummingbirds.
Fall Departure Considerations
As autumn approaches, hummingbirds in Iowa begin their southward migration from late August through September. While most birds depart by mid-September, some individuals may remain until early October or even later if warmer temperatures persist. These late migrants, or those from farther north, can rely on feeders for important energy.
Do not remove feeders too early in the fall. Keeping feeders available will not prevent hummingbirds from migrating, as their migratory instincts are primarily triggered by factors like changing day length and hormonal cues, not solely by food availability. Instead, feeders provide an important energy source for birds still passing through or building reserves for their extensive journey, which often includes a non-stop flight across the Gulf of Mexico. A good practice is to keep feeders up until at least two weeks after the last hummingbird sighting, or until consistent freezing temperatures begin.
Attracting and Sustaining Hummingbird Visits
Maintaining a hummingbird feeder involves providing a simple sugar water solution, ideally a ratio of one part refined white sugar to four parts water. It is important to avoid adding red dye to the solution, as it offers no benefit to the birds and may be harmful. The feeder itself, if red, provides sufficient visual attraction.
Regular cleaning of feeders is necessary to prevent harmful mold and bacteria. In hot weather, clean daily or every other day; in cooler weather, two to three times a week. Position feeders in a visible spot, 10 to 15 feet from cover, and in partial shade to encourage visits and keep nectar fresh longer. Planting nectar-rich native Iowa flowers like bee balm, cardinal flower, trumpet vine, or impatiens also attracts hummingbirds.