A blister is a fluid-filled sac that forms on the outer layer of the skin, cushioning and shielding underlying tissue from damage. They commonly arise from friction, pressure, or minor burns. While blisters often heal on their own, some may consider draining them for relief. Proper technique is important to prevent complications like infection.
Understanding When to Pop a Blister
Popping blisters is generally not recommended, as it increases the risk of infection and delays healing. However, draining a blister might be considered in specific circumstances. This includes large, painful blisters that significantly interfere with movement, particularly those located on weight-bearing areas like the feet. Draining may alleviate discomfort and prevent unsanitary rupture.
Most small, non-painful blisters should be left intact to heal naturally, usually within one to two weeks. Avoid popping blisters caused by burns or those showing signs of infection, such as pus, increased redness, warmth, or fever. Individuals with certain health conditions, including diabetes or compromised immune systems, should not drain blisters themselves due to a heightened risk of infection and slower healing. In these cases, or if a blister is severely painful, shows signs of infection, is a large burn blister, or its cause is unknown, seek medical attention.
How to Safely Treat a Blister
If you drain a blister due to its size or discomfort, hygiene is important to prevent infection. First, thoroughly wash your hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds. Next, sterilize a small, sharp needle by wiping it with rubbing alcohol or heating it with a flame until it glows red, then allowing it to cool. Clean the blister and surrounding skin with an antiseptic wipe or soap and water, moving from the center outwards.
Carefully make a small puncture at the edge of the blister, not the center, to allow fluid to drain. Gently press on the blister to encourage fluid exit, but avoid removing the overlying skin. This skin flap acts as a natural barrier, protecting the new skin underneath and preventing bacterial entry. Removing it can increase pain and prolong healing.
After the fluid has drained, clean the area again with an antiseptic. Apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment, such as Neosporin or Polysporin, to help prevent bacterial infection and maintain moisture, which supports the natural healing process. Cover the drained blister with a sterile bandage, such as a gauze pad secured with medical tape, or a specialized hydrocolloid dressing. Hydrocolloid dressings are designed to create a moist healing environment and can absorb fluid, forming a protective gel. Change the dressing daily, or more often if it becomes wet or dirty, and continuously monitor the area for any signs of infection, including increased pain, swelling, spreading redness, pus, or a foul odor.
Preventing future blisters involves addressing their common causes, primarily friction. Wear properly fitting shoes that do not rub or cause pressure points. Opt for moisture-wicking socks made from synthetic blends or merino wool, as cotton socks can retain moisture and increase friction. For activities prone to friction, such as prolonged walking or using tools, consider applying protective coverings like blister prevention tape or wearing gloves. Breaking in new footwear gradually before extended use can also help minimize irritation and blister formation.