Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is a unique garden vegetable because it is a long-lived perennial, capable of producing spears for twenty years or more from a single planting. Establishing a successful asparagus patch requires careful attention to location and timing, particularly in the varied climates of Kansas. Precision in the initial planting process helps guarantee the longevity and productivity of the bed. Proper preparation and planting ensures a rewarding harvest for decades to come.
Determining the Optimal Planting Window in Kansas
The most favorable time for installing asparagus crowns in Kansas is early spring, typically spanning from late March through April. Plant as soon as the soil has thawed and is dry enough to be easily worked without compacting. This timing allows the crown to establish its extensive root system before the intense heat of the Kansas summer arrives. Asparagus crowns tolerate cool soil temperatures, making an early start beneficial for root development. Planting crowns in the fall is discouraged in Kansas because repeated freeze-thaw cycles can cause the newly set crowns to heave out of the ground, leading to failure.
Preparing the Permanent Planting Site
Since an asparagus bed can remain productive for decades, selecting a permanent site requires careful thought. The location must receive full sunlight for at least eight hours daily to support robust fern growth, which powers the next season’s spears. Drainage is a significant factor, especially in areas with heavy clay soils, as waterlogged conditions quickly lead to crown rot. Amending the soil deeply with compost or other organic matter improves both drainage and water retention; a soil test should be conducted to ensure the pH is between 6.5 and 7.5. Aggressive weed control must be implemented before planting, as perennial weeds are difficult to manage once the crowns are established.
Step-by-Step Planting Guide for Asparagus Crowns
Installation begins with digging a trench approximately 8 to 12 inches deep and 12 to 18 inches wide. Form a small, raised mound of soil running lengthwise along the center of the trench bottom. Position the healthy asparagus crowns on this ridge, spreading the long, fleshy roots carefully over the sides of the mound and spacing crowns 12 to 18 inches apart. Initially, cover the crowns with only about two inches of soil; as the first small spears emerge, gradually pull soil into the trench, filling it in over the course of the first growing season. This gradual backfilling process encourages the development of a deeper, more robust root system, which is protective against drought and cold, and the newly planted crowns must be thoroughly watered immediately after installation to initiate root growth.
Essential Care During the Establishment Years
The first three years of an asparagus bed are dedicated to establishing a powerful root system. Consistent moisture is necessary during the first growing season, especially during dry spells, to support the development of the foliage, known as ferns. These ferns must be allowed to grow tall and full throughout the summer, as they photosynthesize and replenish the energy stores in the crown for the following spring. Weed management remains a continuous task because competition for nutrients and water significantly hinders the establishment process. Fertilization should occur after the ferns have fully developed, providing nutrients to be stored for the next year’s growth. Avoid harvesting any spears during the first two seasons completely; a light harvest is permissible in the third year, but full harvesting should be postponed until the fourth year to ensure long-term health and maximum productivity.