Indian Corn, often referred to as ornamental corn, includes varieties of maize, primarily flint and dent types, grown specifically for their striking, multi-colored kernels. These hard-kerneled varieties feature vibrant shades of red, blue, purple, and gold, making them a popular autumn decoration. Achieving the best decorative quality and ensuring long-term preservation relies on harvesting the ears at a precise point of physiological maturity. Harvesting too early or too late compromises the kernel color and makes the ear susceptible to mold during storage.
Recognizing Peak Maturity Signs
The most reliable sign that Indian Corn is ready for harvest is the condition of the corn silks. The silks should have transitioned from soft green to a completely dark brown and dry state. Ornamental corn must remain on the stalk for an extended period to allow the kernels to fully harden, unlike sweet corn. The husks surrounding the ear will also begin to dry out and turn pale yellow or brown, indicating the plant has completed nutrient transfer to the kernels.
A tactile assessment of the kernels provides a definitive confirmation of maturity. Gently peel back a small section of the husk near the middle of the ear to expose a few kernels. Press firmly into the surface of a kernel with your thumbnail. If the corn is ready, the kernel will be rock-hard, and your nail will not be able to pierce the surface or release any milky liquid. If you can puncture the kernel, it needs more time on the stalk to reduce its moisture content and set its final color.
The Physical Harvesting Process
Once the kernels are fully hardened, remove the ears from the stalk, preferably on a dry, sunny day to prevent introducing excess moisture. Use sharp pruning shears or a knife to make a clean cut below the ear. For decorative purposes, leave several inches of the stalk attached, as this portion acts as a natural handle and aids in curing.
Handle the ears carefully during removal to avoid bruising the kernels or snapping the husks at the base. The husks must remain firmly attached to protect the corn during curing and for creating braids. If the corn is left on the stalk too long after maturity, the husks and stalks become brittle and prone to shattering. Remove any ears showing signs of mold or insect damage, as these can contaminate the rest of the harvest.
Essential Post-Harvest Curing
After harvest, the corn must undergo a curing process to remove remaining moisture from the cob and husks. This preserves the color and prevents the growth of mold or mildew. Begin by peeling back the husks on each ear, ensuring they remain attached at the base to form a protective sheath for hanging.
Tie the ears together in small bundles of three or four by braiding the loose husks or securing them with twine. The ideal curing environment is a dark, dry space that offers excellent air circulation, such as an attic, shed, or well-ventilated garage. Hanging the bundles allows air to move freely around each ear, effectively reducing the internal moisture content. The curing process typically takes three to four weeks, after which the husks will feel completely dry and papery, confirming the corn is ready for decorative use.