COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a respiratory illness with a wide range of symptoms. Many individuals experience mild to moderate illness and recover at home, but some cases become severe and require medical care. Symptoms can appear 2 to 14 days after exposure to the virus.
Symptoms Requiring Immediate Medical Attention
Certain symptoms indicate severe COVID-19 and require immediate emergency medical attention, such as calling emergency services or going to the nearest emergency room. One serious sign is trouble breathing or severe shortness of breath, indicating insufficient oxygen. Persistent pain or pressure in the chest can also be a warning sign, potentially indicating complications affecting the heart or lungs.
New confusion or an inability to wake or stay awake are neurological symptoms requiring urgent evaluation. Changes in skin coloration, such as pale, gray, or blue-colored skin, lips, or nail beds, signal a lack of oxygen and warrant immediate care. A severe cough that persists or worsens, especially when accompanied by difficulty breathing or high fever, can also be a reason for emergency medical attention.
When to Contact a Doctor
Even if symptoms do not warrant immediate emergency care, contacting a healthcare provider is advisable for guidance and monitoring. You should reach out to a doctor if your symptoms are worsening, even if they started mildly. This includes a high or persistent fever, or a cough that continues to bother you.
Significant fatigue that interferes with daily activities or persistent body aches and headaches can also be reasons to consult a doctor. If you experience symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea that lead to significant dehydration, medical advice is recommended. Your doctor can determine whether you need an in-person visit, testing, or can manage your symptoms at home with specific recommendations.
Factors Increasing Your Risk
Certain pre-existing conditions and demographic factors can increase an individual’s risk of developing severe COVID-19. Age is a significant risk factor, with individuals 50 years or older facing a higher likelihood of severe illness, and this risk increases substantially for those over 65. Chronic lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and interstitial lung disease, can lead to more severe COVID-19 because they impair lung function.
Heart conditions such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, and high blood pressure also elevate the risk of serious complications. Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk for severe illness. Other factors include:
- Obesity
- A weakened immune system due to conditions like HIV or cancer
- Chronic kidney disease
- Certain disabilities like Down syndrome
Preparing for Your Doctor’s Visit
When preparing to seek medical attention for suspected COVID-19, taking a few proactive steps can streamline the process and help protect others. It is advisable to call ahead to the clinic or hospital to inform them of your suspected COVID-19 symptoms before arriving. This allows the facility to prepare and implement appropriate infection control measures.
Upon arrival, wear a well-fitting mask to reduce the risk of transmission to healthcare personnel and other patients. Bringing a list of your current medications, as well as your symptom history, can provide healthcare providers with important information for diagnosis and treatment. Be prepared to answer questions about your recent travel history, potential exposures, and any major stressors or life changes.