Succulents are popular for their unique forms and drought tolerance. While many varieties thrive outdoors in warm climates, their cold tolerance is limited. Moving them indoors before winter protects them from harsh conditions and ensures their continued health.
Cold Tolerance Thresholds
Most common succulent varieties are tender and cannot tolerate freezing temperatures. A critical threshold is 32°F (0°C), where water in their cells can freeze, causing irreversible tissue damage. Sustained temperatures below 40-50°F (4-10°C) also pose a significant risk, leading to cellular damage and decline.
Succulents are either hardy or tender. Popular types like Echeveria, Crassula, and most Sedum are tender. However, some varieties, such as Sempervivum and specific Opuntia species, are more cold-hardy. Even hardy types often benefit from protection in regions with severe or prolonged freezes. Understanding your succulent’s specific temperature tolerance helps determine when to bring them inside.
Recognizing the Right Time
Beyond specific temperature thresholds, several indicators signal it is time to move succulents indoors. Monitor local weather forecasts for sustained cold snaps. Early warnings of overnight frost or freezing rain should prompt immediate action, as even a single night of extreme cold can be detrimental. The approach of autumn and early winter, with shorter days and cooler nights, also serves as a natural cue.
Observing the plants themselves can provide additional confirmation. While severe damage occurs quickly in freezing conditions, early signs of cold stress include subtle color changes or a slight softening of leaves. These are warnings before significant damage occurs. Proactive monitoring of environmental cues and plant appearance helps ensure succulents are moved indoors before they experience harm.
Preparing for Indoor Transition
Preparing succulents for their indoor transition prevents issues like pests or rot during winter dormancy. Begin by thoroughly cleaning the plants, gently removing any dead leaves, spent flowers, or accumulated debris from the soil surface and around the plant base. This step reduces pest hiding spots and improves air circulation. Carefully inspect the entire plant for any signs of pests, such as small insects, webbing, or unusual spots.
If pests are detected, treat them before bringing plants inside to avoid infesting other houseplants. Options include wiping leaves with rubbing alcohol or applying an insecticidal soap. Ensure pots are clean by wiping down the exterior. Allowing the soil to dry out slightly before the move is beneficial, as damp soil in cooler, less airy indoor conditions can contribute to root rot. If possible, gradually acclimate plants to lower light conditions for a week or two before permanent indoor placement to reduce shock.
Indoor Care After the Move
Once succulents are indoors for winter, adjust their care routine to mimic their natural dormant period. Provide adequate light by placing them in the brightest available location, such as a south-facing window, for several hours of direct sunlight. If natural light is insufficient, supplemental grow lights can provide the necessary intensity. Without enough light, succulents can stretch and become leggy.
Reduce watering frequency significantly during winter. Most succulents enter dormancy, requiring less moisture. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings, then wait an additional few weeks before providing a small amount of water. Indoor temperatures between 60-75°F (15-24°C) are suitable; avoid placing them near cold drafts or heat vents. Humidity levels are not a major concern, as succulents prefer drier conditions. Monitor for pests throughout the winter months.