The salmon run in New York is a natural spectacle. This event involves various salmon species migrating from larger bodies of water to their natal streams for spawning.
The Annual Salmon Migration
A salmon run is the upstream migration of adult salmon from their feeding grounds in large lakes or oceans into freshwater rivers and streams. This journey is driven by a biological imperative to reproduce. Salmon navigate these waterways, often overcoming obstacles, to reach the specific gravel beds where they were born. Environmental cues play a role in triggering these migrations, with factors like decreasing water temperatures and increased river flows from rainfall signaling the optimal time.
Key Species and Their Run Seasons
New York State is home to several salmon species, each with distinct run timing. Chinook salmon, also known as King salmon, are a main draw. They begin entering tributaries from late August into early September, with runs peaking through late September and into October. These large fish are found in Lake Ontario tributaries, where they are a key part of the fall fishery.
Coho salmon, or Silver salmon, follow a similar schedule to Chinooks. They begin their migration into rivers in late August or early September, with peak activity from late September through October. Both Chinook and Coho salmon are semelparous, meaning they complete their life cycle and perish after spawning.
Atlantic salmon, particularly landlocked populations in New York, exhibit a different migration pattern. These salmon have two runs into tributary streams, in both spring and fall. The spring run occurs from mid-April to late May, influenced by warmer water temperatures and increased stream flow from spring runoff. The fall run extends from early September into mid-November, with peak spawning activity from early October to early November. Unlike Pacific salmon, Atlantic salmon may survive multiple spawning runs.
Top Locations for Salmon Runs
Primary locations for salmon runs in New York are found in tributaries flowing into the Great Lakes, particularly Lake Ontario, and Lake Champlain. The Salmon River in Oswego County is New York’s most popular salmon destination. This river attracts thousands of anglers during the fall Chinook and Coho runs.
Other key Lake Ontario tributaries for salmon migrations include the Oswego River, Oak Orchard Creek, Genesee River, Black River, and South Sandy Creek. The Lower Niagara River also sees salmon activity as fish enter Lake Ontario.
For Atlantic salmon, the primary locations are the tributaries of Lake Champlain. The Boquet, Saranac, and Ausable Rivers, originating in the Adirondack Mountains, are key waterways for these landlocked salmon. These rivers offer varied access points and provide essential spawning habitat.
Experiencing the Salmon Run Responsibly
Observing the salmon run responsibly protects both the fish and their habitat. When viewing, maintain a respectful distance to avoid disturbing the fish. Approaching too closely can stress salmon and disrupt their natural behaviors.
Anglers fishing during the salmon run must adhere to New York State’s fishing regulations. A valid fishing license is required, and specific rules apply to certain areas, such as fly-fishing-only sections or restrictions on night fishing. Regulations also dictate catch limits, minimum size limits, and tackle type, often favoring single, unweighted hooks. It is illegal to herd, stone, or kick fish.