Ticks are a common concern for individuals who enjoy Maryland’s diverse outdoor environments. These tiny arachnids, often mistaken for insects, can transmit various diseases, and awareness of their activity patterns is important. Understanding when and where ticks are most prevalent in Maryland can help minimize potential exposure.
Understanding Maryland’s Tick Activity Throughout the Year
Tick activity in Maryland occurs throughout the entire year. While there are periods of higher prevalence, ticks survive in colder months as long as temperatures remain above freezing, emerging on mild winter days to seek hosts. Continuous vigilance is important for those exploring Maryland’s outdoors year-round.
Common Maryland Ticks and Their Peak Seasons
Several tick species are commonly found in Maryland, each with distinct periods of activity. The Blacklegged Tick, also known as the Deer Tick, is the primary carrier of Lyme disease. Adult Blacklegged Ticks are active all year, but nymph and larval stages are typically found from May through September. Nymphs are often responsible for Lyme disease transmission.
Another common species is the Lone Star Tick, identifiable by a distinct white spot on the back of adult females. These ticks are frequently found in wooded areas with dense undergrowth and near animal resting spots. Adult Lone Star Ticks are generally active from April through late August.
The American Dog Tick is also prevalent in Maryland and is often found in areas with little to no tree cover. These ticks can transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Adults are most active from April to early August, with nymphs and larvae also active during the spring and summer months.
Environmental Factors Driving Tick Activity
Tick survival and behavior are influenced by temperature and humidity. Ticks require moisture to prevent desiccation. High humidity, especially above 80-85%, favors tick survival and activity.
Temperature also plays a role; ticks are active when temperatures are above freezing (around 40-50°F or 4-10°C). Warmer temperatures can accelerate their life cycle and increase their questing behavior, climbing vegetation to seek hosts. Habitats such as wooded areas, tall grasses, and leaf litter provide the necessary moisture and cover for ticks to thrive.
Protecting Yourself During Tick Season
Taking preventative measures reduces the risk of tick bites outdoors. Wearing long pants and long-sleeved shirts, especially in light colors to make ticks more visible, can help. Tucking pants into socks or boots further minimizes exposed skin.
Using EPA-registered insect repellents containing active ingredients like DEET, picaridin, or IR3535 on exposed skin provides protection. Permethrin can be applied to clothing and gear, but not directly to skin, to repel or kill ticks on contact. After returning indoors, conducting a thorough tick check on your body, clothing, children, and pets is recommended. Showering within a few hours of outdoor activity can wash off unattached ticks. If a tick is found attached, it should be removed carefully with fine-tipped tweezers, grasping it close to the skin and pulling upward steadily.