An ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of internal body structures. In pregnancy, this technology provides a view of the developing baby within the uterus. It is a safe and painless procedure, as it does not involve radiation like X-rays. For many expectant parents, the first ultrasound represents a significant early milestone in their pregnancy journey.
Timing of the First Ultrasound
The first ultrasound during pregnancy is typically performed between 6 and 10 weeks of gestation. This early timing allows healthcare providers to confirm the pregnancy’s viability and establish an accurate due date. Fetal growth is most predictable in early pregnancy, making measurements taken during this period reliable for dating.
Factors might lead to an earlier or later first scan. An ultrasound can be performed as early as 5 weeks, though doctors often recommend waiting until 6-8 weeks for clearer results. If there is uncertainty about the last menstrual period, a history of complications like bleeding or abdominal pain, or if the pregnancy resulted from fertility treatments like IVF, an earlier scan may be recommended. If conception dates are known and there are no concerns, the first scan might occur later in the first trimester.
Purposes of the Early Ultrasound
The early ultrasound serves several objectives beyond confirming pregnancy. A primary purpose is to determine fetal viability by detecting a heartbeat. Once a fetal heartbeat is observed, the likelihood of miscarriage decreases. This initial scan also accurately estimates gestational age and establishes the due date, crucial for monitoring pregnancy progress and planning prenatal care.
Another objective is to check for multiple pregnancies. The ultrasound can also help rule out an ectopic pregnancy, a condition where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. Detecting an ectopic pregnancy early is important for the pregnant individual’s health. The scan can also assess the gestational sac’s location and identify early fetal anatomy.
What to Expect During Your First Ultrasound
During your first ultrasound, there are two approaches: transabdominal or transvaginal. A transabdominal ultrasound involves applying gel to the lower abdomen and moving a handheld transducer across the skin. For this method, a full bladder is often recommended as it helps obtain clearer images by pushing the uterus upwards and moving intestines.
A transvaginal ultrasound involves inserting a small, sterile probe into the vagina. This method often provides clearer images in early pregnancy, especially before 8 weeks, because the transducer is closer to the uterus. For a transvaginal scan, an empty bladder is usually preferred.
Both procedures are quick, lasting 15 to 30 minutes, and are considered painless, though some pressure or mild discomfort might be felt. After the scan, the gel is wiped off, and results are typically sent to your doctor, who will discuss the findings with you.