Surprise lilies (Lycoris squamigera) are bulbous perennials known for their sudden, dramatic blooms. They are also called magic lily, resurrection lily, or naked lady due to their unique growth habit. Although these bulbs thrive when left undisturbed, transplanting is necessary when clumps become overcrowded or when moving them to a new location. Selecting the right time for this operation is essential to prevent stress and ensure future flowering.
The Unique Growth Cycle of Surprise Lilies
The surprise lily bulb’s life cycle is divided into two phases. The first phase occurs in spring, starting in late winter, when long, strap-like, green foliage emerges. This foliage captures solar energy and performs photosynthesis, storing carbohydrates needed for the entire year.
By late spring or early summer, the green foliage naturally yellows and dies back, signaling the start of summer dormancy. The plant disappears entirely for several weeks, having stored its energy underground. The second phase begins abruptly in late summer, usually August, when a tall, leafless flower stalk shoots up. These stalks produce clusters of fragrant, pink, trumpet-shaped flowers.
Identifying the Optimal Transplanting Window
The most successful time for relocating Lycoris squamigera is during summer dormancy, immediately after the foliage has withered away. This ideal window occurs in late spring or early summer, typically from late May through late June. Transplanting during this period minimizes shock because the plant is not actively growing or preparing to bloom.
Gardeners must wait until the leaves have completely yellowed and collapsed before digging. Transplanting earlier interrupts the energy-storing process, which can prevent the bulb from flowering for one to two years. Waiting until the flower stalks appear in late summer is also less ideal, as it risks damaging the newly forming roots. A secondary window is immediately after the flowers fade in late August or early September, but this allows less time for root establishment before winter.
Practical Steps for Successful Transplanting
The process begins with careful excavation of the existing clump. Use a garden fork, not a shovel, to gently loosen the soil in a wide circle around the foliage remnants. This avoids slicing into the large, fleshy bulbs. Lift the entire clump, keeping the root system intact, and brush away excess soil to inspect the bulbs.
Preparing the Bulbs and Site
If dividing an overcrowded clump, gently separate the smaller offset bulbs from the main flowering units. The new location should be prepared beforehand, ideally receiving full sun to partial shade. Use soil that drains well, as the bulbs are prone to rot in standing water. Incorporating organic matter, such as compost, into the planting hole will help improve drainage.
Planting and Post-Care
Replant the bulbs promptly to prevent the roots from drying out. Set them at a depth of about 5 to 6 inches, or three times the height of the bulb itself. The neck of the bulb should sit just below the soil surface, and bulbs should be spaced 6 to 8 inches apart. After planting, water the area thoroughly to settle the soil around the roots.
Avoid subsequent watering during summer dormancy, as the bulbs prefer to remain dry until the flower stalk emerges. While the bulbs may not flower the season immediately following transplanting, this process ensures they will re-establish and bloom robustly in subsequent years.