Monkey grass is the common name used for two distinct genera of low-maintenance, grass-like perennials, primarily Liriope and Ophiopogon. These plants are valued in landscaping for their ability to form a dense, evergreen groundcover. They excel in controlling soil erosion on slopes and thrive in areas where turfgrass struggles, such as beneath established trees where shade and root competition are present. Their resilience, shade tolerance, and ease of care make monkey grass a popular choice for borders, edging, and filling in difficult garden spots.
Optimal Planting Seasons
The most favorable times for planting monkey grass are during the spring and the fall, as these seasons offer environmental conditions that encourage root establishment. Spring planting should occur after the danger of the last hard frost has passed, allowing the plant to begin its active growing cycle in moderate temperatures. This timing gives the root system several months to develop strength before the stress of summer heat arrives.
The autumn planting window is equally beneficial, provided the plant is situated in the ground at least six to eight weeks before the first expected hard frost. The cooling soil temperatures and increased natural moisture during the fall stimulate root growth while foliage growth slows down. This dedication of energy to the roots prepares the monkey grass to survive winter dormancy and resume vigorous growth the following spring.
Preparing the Site and Plant Material
Selecting the correct location is the first step; most varieties of monkey grass perform best in filtered sunlight to partial shade, although some Liriope cultivars can tolerate full sun. These plants prefer a well-draining medium to prevent root rot, which often occurs in heavy, compacted soils. Loosen the soil to a depth of at least 8 to 12 inches and incorporate organic matter, such as compost, to improve drainage and nutrient content.
If planting bare-root divisions, soaking the root mass in water briefly before planting helps rehydrate the tissues and reduce transplant shock. For container plants, gently loosening the outer roots of the root ball encourages them to spread into the surrounding soil instead of continuing to circle.
Step-by-Step Planting Guide
Begin the planting process by digging a hole slightly wider than the plant’s root ball, but not significantly deeper. The goal is to ensure the plant’s crown—where the roots meet the shoots—is positioned precisely level with the surface of the surrounding soil. Planting the crown too deep can lead to rotting, while planting too shallow may cause the roots to dry out.
After setting the plant, backfill with the amended soil, firming it gently around the root ball to eliminate air pockets. For a continuous groundcover effect, space individual plants or divisions approximately 6 to 12 inches apart, depending on the variety’s mature spread and desired coverage speed. Immediately after planting, provide a thorough and deep initial watering to settle the soil and hydrate the roots.
Initial Establishment Care
Consistent moisture is necessary during the establishment phase, which lasts for the first six to eight weeks after planting. Newly planted monkey grass should be watered regularly, keeping the soil moist but never waterlogged to encourage outward root growth. Spring plantings require diligent monitoring as they approach summer heat, where daily watering may be needed during warm or dry periods.
Applying a light layer of organic mulch, such as shredded bark or compost, around the base of the plants helps conserve soil moisture and moderates temperature fluctuations. A light application of a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in the following early spring can support vigorous growth. Once successfully established, plants will show signs of new leaf growth and become quite drought-tolerant, requiring less frequent watering over time.