Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a tall, stalky herb originating from the tropical regions of Asia. It is widely cultivated for its unique flavor profile in cuisine. The herb is characterized by a bright, pungent, and intensely lemony aroma with slight floral and ginger undertones, without the sour bitterness of actual lemon fruit.
Lemongrass Growth Cycle and Climate Dependence
The question of when lemongrass is in season depends entirely on where it is grown, because it is naturally a perennial tropical grass. In its native regions and warm climates like USDA Hardiness Zones 9 through 11, the plant grows continuously and can be harvested throughout the entire year. Its growth is only slightly slowed, or the plant becomes dormant, when temperatures dip but remain above freezing.
In cooler, temperate climates, however, lemongrass is frost-tender and must be treated as an annual. The growing season in these areas is limited to the warm months, typically from late spring after the last frost until early fall. Growth is particularly rapid once summer heat and humidity arrive, with the true “season” for harvesting the most flavorful stalks occurring between late summer and just before the first frost. Gardeners must harvest the entire plant or move it indoors to overwinter before temperatures drop below 40°F.
Recognizing Optimal Harvesting Time
The readiness of a lemongrass stalk for harvest is determined by its physical size and maturity, regardless of the calendar date. Stalks are generally ready for cutting when they have reached a thickness of at least one-half inch in diameter. This level of maturity, typically reached four to six months after planting, ensures the stalk has developed the maximum concentration of aromatic oils for a robust flavor.
The most flavorful part is the thick, pale-green to creamy-white base of the stalk. To harvest, select the mature, outer stalks from the clump, leaving the younger, central growth to continue developing. The stalk can be removed by using a sharp knife or shears to cut it close to the ground, or by twisting and pulling it from the side of the clump. Harvesting individual stalks encourages the plant to produce new shoots, ensuring a continuous supply throughout the warm growing period.
Year-Round Market Availability and Storage
Despite the climatic seasonality of local cultivation, fresh lemongrass is available year-round in most markets. This consistent supply is maintained through commercial farming in tropical regions and efficient international trade networks. Consumers typically find fresh stalks in the produce section of large supermarkets and specialty Asian grocery stores.
Once purchased, fresh lemongrass can be stored in the refrigerator for up to two weeks. For short-term storage, loosely wrap the stalks in a plastic bag or damp paper towel before placing them in the crisper drawer. For long-term preservation, the stalks can be chopped and frozen in an airtight container or freezer bag for up to six months. Freezing is a practical option because it helps break down the tough, fibrous structure, making it easier to mince and use directly in cooking without thawing.