Allergies that follow a predictable yearly pattern are known as seasonal allergies, or allergic rhinitis. They are typically caused by outdoor triggers like pollen and mold spores. The specific timing and intensity of these symptoms are heavily dependent on local vegetation and weather patterns, making location a determining factor in managing your symptoms. For residents of New Jersey, the allergy season is a series of overlapping periods dictated by the life cycles of various plants.
The Seasonal Allergy Calendar in NJ
The allergy season in New Jersey begins much earlier than the start of spring, often starting as early as mid-to-late February, and continues until the first hard frost stops plant growth. The first major wave of outdoor allergens is released by trees, which typically dominate the air from March through May. Common tree pollens in the state include those from oak, birch, and maple, with cedar and juniper also contributing to early-season symptoms.
As the tree pollen begins to subside around late May, the focus shifts to the grasses, which trigger the summer allergy season. Grass pollen is the main culprit from May through July, often peaking in intensity during June. Species such as Timothy, Bermuda, and Ryegrass are primary sources of allergens during this period.
The third major cycle begins in late summer and extends through the fall, focusing on weed pollen. Starting in August and peaking in September, ragweed is the most significant allergen. A single ragweed plant can produce up to a billion grains of pollen, affecting sensitive individuals until the first freeze occurs, typically in November.
Factors Influencing Season Severity and Timing
While a general monthly calendar provides a useful framework, the exact start and end dates of the pollen seasons are fluid and change year-to-year. Climate plays a significant role in determining the severity and timing of the pollen release. For instance, mild winters allow plants to begin their pollination cycles much earlier than usual, effectively lengthening the entire allergy season.
The geography of New Jersey also introduces variability to the timing and intensity of symptoms. Southern New Jersey, which experiences slightly warmer temperatures earlier than the northern, more elevated regions, may see the start of the pollen season sooner. Coastal areas might offer some perceived relief due to ocean breezes, but high winds can transport pollen particles from inland areas over long distances.
Weather events modify the daily pollen count. Wind is a major factor in spreading pollen over wide areas, leading to higher counts on dry, breezy days. Conversely, heavy rain temporarily washes pollen out of the air, offering a brief respite. However, the subsequent moisture can encourage the growth of outdoor mold spores, introducing a different allergen.
Persistent Indoor Allergens
When the outdoor pollen count drops, especially during the cold winter months, many residents spend more time sealed inside, which can lead to increased exposure to year-round indoor allergens. These non-seasonal triggers are important for understanding symptoms that persist when plants are dormant. One common indoor allergen is the dust mite, which thrives in warm, humid environments and feeds on shed human skin cells.
Dust mites are concentrated in household materials like bedding, upholstered furniture, and carpets, often causing more pronounced symptoms upon waking in the morning. Pet dander is another ubiquitous year-round allergen, and symptoms may worsen during the winter when pets spend more time indoors. Indoor mold can also be a continuous issue, commonly found in damp areas like basements and bathrooms.