Experiencing pain in the eyes or head, particularly when moving them, can be unsettling. It is natural to wonder about its cause, and this specific sensation often prompts concerns about various illnesses. Many wonder if such symptoms are connected to a COVID-19 infection. This symptom can indeed be associated with COVID-19, and understanding its nature can help in navigating the illness.
A Recognized COVID Symptom
Eye pain and headaches, especially those exacerbated by eye movement, have been reported as symptoms of COVID-19. Studies indicate that ocular manifestations, including eye pain, affect a notable percentage of individuals with COVID-19, with a pooled prevalence of 11.03% to 23.77% among patients. “Sore eyes” were specifically reported by 16% of COVID-19 positive individuals in one study. Headaches are even more common, affecting about one-fourth of those with the infection. These symptoms can emerge early in the course of the disease, sometimes even before more widely recognized respiratory issues.
Understanding the Mechanisms
Pain in the eyes and head during COVID-19 stems from several biological processes triggered by the viral infection. A significant factor is widespread inflammation throughout the body. The immune system’s response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus involves releasing inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, which can affect blood vessels and nerves in the head and around the eyes. This systemic inflammation can lead to a feeling of pressure or throbbing.
The virus may also directly impact the nervous system. For instance, the trigeminal nerve, a major cranial nerve, can become irritated or inflamed, contributing to headaches and eye pain. In some cases, COVID-19 has been linked to conditions like optic neuritis, which involves inflammation of the optic nerve. Inflammation can also affect the front part of the eye, a condition called uveitis.
Inflammation or congestion in the paranasal sinuses can also contribute to eye pain and headaches, as these cavities are located near the eyes and can exert pressure when inflamed. Beyond direct viral effects and inflammation, general systemic responses to illness, such as dehydration and fatigue, can worsen headaches and eye discomfort. Additionally, COVID-19 can increase the risk of blood clot formation, which in rare instances can affect the blood vessels supplying the eyes and brain, potentially leading to vision issues and pain.
Accompanying Symptoms and Typical Duration
Eye pain and headaches from COVID-19 often accompany other common symptoms. These include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, sore throat, nasal congestion, cough, and loss of taste or smell. Other eye-related symptoms may include conjunctivitis (pink eye) with redness, itching, or discharge, dry eyes, and light sensitivity. Acute eye symptoms and most headaches typically resolve within a few days to two weeks. However, some individuals may experience persistent headaches for months, a symptom of long COVID.
Managing Discomfort and When to Seek Care
Managing Discomfort
Managing the discomfort of eye pain and headaches during a COVID-19 infection involves several practical strategies. These approaches aim to alleviate symptoms and improve comfort:
Rest your eyes by reducing screen time.
Stay hydrated, as dehydration worsens headaches.
Use over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen for mild to moderate pain.
Apply warm or cool compresses for relief.
Create a dark, quiet environment to reduce sensitivity.
Use lubricating eye drops for eye irritation.
When to Seek Medical Care
While most eye pain and headaches during COVID-19 are typical, certain indicators warrant immediate medical attention. Seek care promptly if pain significantly worsens, or if you experience vision changes like blurred vision, double vision, or vision loss. Other concerning symptoms include a sudden, severe “thunderclap” headache, new neurological symptoms (confusion, difficulty speaking, weakness, numbness), persistent chest pain or pressure, or difficulty breathing. This information serves as general guidance and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.