Gum recession occurs when the gum tissue surrounding the teeth pulls back, exposing more of the tooth’s root surface. This common dental concern can affect one or multiple teeth, gradually altering the appearance of a smile. Healthy gums form a protective seal around teeth, and their health is important for overall oral well-being. When this tissue recedes, it can lead to various oral health issues.
Understanding Gum Recession
Gum recession often presents with noticeable signs, including increased tooth sensitivity, especially to hot or cold temperatures, because the exposed root surface lacks the protective enamel of the tooth crown. Individuals may also observe that their teeth appear longer than before, or they might feel a distinct notch at the gum line. Bleeding gums, pain around the gum line, or even bad breath can also indicate the presence of gum recession.
Several factors contribute to gum recession. Aggressive tooth brushing with excessive force or an incorrect technique can physically wear away gum tissue over time. Periodontal disease, a bacterial infection affecting the gums and supporting bone, is a significant cause, as the inflammation and infection destroy gum tissue and bone structure. Other contributing factors include genetic predisposition to thin gum tissue, tobacco use, inadequate oral hygiene leading to plaque and tartar buildup, and teeth grinding or clenching, which can place undue stress on gum tissues. Misaligned teeth or lip and tongue piercings that rub against the gums can also contribute to recession.
Natural Regeneration Potential
Gum tissue does not naturally regenerate once it has receded. Unlike some other body tissues that self-repair, the specialized nature of gum tissue means lost portions cannot regrow on their own. This means that once the gum line has pulled back, it remains in that position without professional intervention.
While gum tissue cannot regrow, addressing the underlying causes of recession is important to prevent further loss. Proper care and management can stabilize the gum line and stop the condition’s progression, protecting exposed tooth roots from additional damage.
Professional Treatment Options
Professional dental treatments are available to address receding gums. One initial approach for recession linked to gum disease is scaling and root planing, often called a deep cleaning. This procedure involves meticulously removing plaque and tartar deposits from above and below the gum line, extending to the root surfaces. Smoothing the tooth roots then helps gums reattach and reduces areas where bacteria can accumulate.
For more advanced cases of gum recession, various types of gum graft surgeries can cover exposed roots and reinforce existing gum tissue.
Connective Tissue Graft
A connective tissue graft is a common procedure where a small piece of connective tissue is taken from under the surface of the roof of the mouth and stitched to the area of recession. This graft helps to cover exposed roots and can promote new gum tissue growth, often used for moderate to severe recession.
Free Gingival Graft
A free gingival graft involves taking a small piece of tissue from the roof of the mouth. This graft is often used when additional gum tissue thickness is needed, especially for thin gums.
Pedicle Graft
A pedicle graft utilizes gum tissue from the gums adjacent to the recession site. A flap of tissue is partially cut and stretched over the exposed root, maintaining its original blood supply. This is a choice when sufficient healthy gum tissue is nearby.
A periodontist, a dental specialist focusing on gum health, performs these advanced treatments.
Preventing Future Recession
Preventing further gum recession involves adopting careful oral hygiene practices. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush and a gentle brushing technique, rather than aggressive scrubbing, can protect delicate gum tissue from damage. Regular flossing helps remove plaque and food particles from between teeth and along the gum line, preventing buildup that can lead to gum disease.
Routine dental check-ups and professional cleanings aid early detection and management of gum issues. For individuals who grind or clench their teeth, often unconsciously during sleep, wearing a custom-fitted nightguard can alleviate damaging forces on teeth and gums. Avoiding tobacco products and managing systemic health conditions contribute to maintaining a stable gum line and preventing future recession.