Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last set of molars to emerge, typically in the late teens or early twenties. Limited jaw space often leads to impaction, preventing full eruption. This frequently necessitates their removal to prevent complications. Swelling is common with wisdom teeth, either as a symptom of an underlying problem or as part of the healing process after extraction.
Swelling After Wisdom Tooth Removal
Swelling is a predictable part of the body’s response to surgical wisdom tooth extraction. This natural healing mechanism involves the body sending fluids and immune cells to the surgical site. Patients often notice swelling within a few hours after the procedure, as local anesthetic wears off. The swelling typically reaches its maximum approximately 24 to 48 hours after surgery.
This peak swelling is a normal physiological response to the manipulation of tissues and bone during extraction. While the general timeline holds true, the degree and speed of swelling can vary. Factors such as extraction complexity, number of teeth removed, and individual healing responses can influence this initial phase.
How Long Swelling Lasts
Following its peak, swelling associated with wisdom tooth removal generally diminishes. Most significant swelling resolves within three to seven days after the procedure. Patients will observe a noticeable reduction in the puffiness of their cheek and jaw area. The initial firm, sometimes hard, swelling will gradually soften and recede.
While major swelling subsides within the first week, some residual, minor puffiness or tenderness might persist. This lingering subtle swelling can last for a week or even slightly longer. It is considered a normal part of the ongoing healing and tissue repair process.
Swelling Before Wisdom Tooth Removal
Swelling can also occur before wisdom teeth are removed, often indicating an underlying issue. One common cause is pericoronitis, an inflammation of the gum tissue surrounding a partially erupted or impacted wisdom tooth. This condition occurs when food particles and bacteria become trapped under the gum flap, leading to infection. The swelling from pericoronitis can appear suddenly, often accompanied by pain or difficulty opening the mouth.
Another reason for pre-extraction swelling is a localized infection within the tooth or surrounding bone. This type of swelling might develop as the tooth attempts to erupt into a crowded space, creating pressure and potential for bacterial invasion. Such infections can cause noticeable puffiness in the cheek or jaw area, sometimes radiating towards the ear or throat.
Managing Swelling and Knowing When to Call Your Dentist
Managing swelling, whether before or after wisdom tooth removal, typically involves at-home care and professional guidance. Applying ice packs to the outside of the cheek, particularly in the first 24-48 hours after surgery or during an acute flare-up, can help reduce swelling by constricting blood vessels. Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescribed medications can also help manage discomfort and inflammation. Maintaining good oral hygiene, even with swelling, is important to prevent further complications, often involving gentle rinsing with salt water.
It is important to monitor swelling closely and be aware of signs that might indicate a complication requiring immediate dental attention. You should contact your dentist or oral surgeon if the swelling significantly worsens after the initial 48-hour post-operative period, or if it spreads rapidly to areas like the neck or chest. Other concerning symptoms include fever, persistent severe pain that does not respond to medication, difficulty swallowing or breathing, or pus at the surgical site or around the tooth. These symptoms could indicate an infection or another serious issue that needs prompt evaluation and treatment.