The discomfort associated with braces is caused by the physical movement of teeth and the application of pressure. This soreness is a natural consequence of the biological process that shifts teeth into new positions, involving inflammation and bone remodeling in the jaw. While noticeable, this discomfort is temporary and indicates that the orthodontic treatment is actively working to align the smile. Understanding the stages of this experience helps manage expectations.
The Initial Discomfort Timeline
The most intense soreness occurs immediately following the initial installation of the braces. Discomfort begins to build a few hours after the appointment, often described as a dull, widespread ache across the teeth and jaws, caused by the first application of continuous force. The peak of this initial soreness is usually experienced on the second day, making chewing difficult due to tenderness and sensitivity. This significant discomfort generally subsides within three to five days as the mouth adapts and the teeth begin movement. Within a full week, the acute soreness fades, marking the end of the most challenging adjustment period.
Discomfort Following Routine Adjustments
Throughout treatment, the orthodontist performs routine adjustments, usually every four to eight weeks, to maintain the necessary force on the teeth. These appointments involve tightening or changing the archwires, which reactivates the pressure needed for tooth movement. Following an adjustment, a new, less intense period of soreness begins. This subsequent discomfort is shorter and milder than the initial experience. Most patients report feeling tender for only one to three days after a routine tightening, as the teeth are accustomed to the mechanical forces. As treatment progresses, post-adjustment discomfort becomes shorter and less noticeable because the tissues have adapted to the hardware.
Managing Specific Hardware Irritations
Irritation can arise from the physical presence of the brackets and wires themselves, beyond the general soreness from tooth movement. The soft tissues inside the mouth, such as the cheeks, lips, and tongue, may experience friction from the metal hardware, leading to localized rubbing, chafing, and minor sores. A common issue is a sharp wire end or bracket edge poking the inner cheek.
Immediate Relief
For immediate relief, a small piece of orthodontic wax can be softened and placed directly over the irritating component to create a smooth protective barrier.
Saltwater Rinse
Rinsing the mouth with a warm saltwater solution is another effective remedy. Swishing a teaspoon of salt dissolved in a cup of warm water for about 30 seconds helps soothe sore spots, promotes healing, and reduces inflammation in irritated areas.
Practical Strategies for Pain Relief
Several practical steps can mitigate the discomfort caused by the pressure of tooth movement.
Medication
Over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, are effective for managing the ache. Taking a dose shortly before an adjustment appointment can help preemptively reduce the inflammatory response that causes the soreness.
Dietary Changes
Dietary modifications are highly effective, particularly during the first few days after installation or an adjustment. Sticking to soft foods that require minimal chewing reduces the pressure placed on sensitive teeth. Examples include:
- Mashed potatoes
- Soups
- Yogurt
- Smoothies
Cold Application
The application of cold offers a numbing effect that reduces pain. Applying a cold compress or an ice pack to the outside of the cheek for brief intervals helps reduce inflammation and temporarily dull the ache in the jaw and gums.