Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a range of developmental conditions that affect communication and behavior. Within this spectrum, some individuals experience a specific pattern known as “regressive autism.” This involves a period of typical development followed by a loss of previously acquired skills. This article explores the characteristics of regressive autism, its typical manifestation, how to identify signs, and the process of seeking professional guidance.
What is Regressive Autism
Regressive autism is a subtype of autism spectrum disorder characterized by a distinct pattern of development. Children with this condition initially develop skills as expected, reaching typical milestones such as babbling, making eye contact, or engaging in social interactions. After this period of typical development, they experience a noticeable loss of these previously acquired social, communication, or motor skills. This contrasts with early-onset autism, where developmental differences are apparent from a very young age.
This regression can occur suddenly or gradually. Regressive autism affects a notable portion of individuals with ASD, with prevalence rates often cited between 20% and 40% of autism diagnoses.
The Typical Onset Window
The onset of regressive autism occurs within a specific developmental period. Most commonly, the loss of skills is observed between 15 and 30 months of age. The average age of onset is often cited around 19 to 22 months. While this is the most frequent window, some regression can appear slightly earlier or, less commonly, later in childhood.
Parents often report that their child’s development takes a step backward, leading to a period of stagnant skill development following the regression. This timing distinguishes regressive autism from other developmental patterns.
Recognizing the Signs of Regression
Identifying the specific signs of regression is important for timely action. A primary indicator is the loss of language skills, where a child may stop using words or phrases they once knew, or revert to babbling or cooing. They might also show reduced gesturing or have difficulty understanding simple instructions. This communication decline is frequently one of the first noticeable changes.
Social skills also commonly diminish, with children potentially avoiding eye contact, becoming less responsive to their name, or losing interest in social interaction and play. Behavioral changes can include an increase in repetitive behaviors like hand-flapping or lining up objects, heightened sensory sensitivities, or increased irritability and tantrums. Some children might also experience a loss of fine or gross motor skills.
Seeking Professional Guidance
If a child shows signs of regressive autism, seeking professional guidance promptly is important. The initial step involves consulting a pediatrician, who can conduct a developmental screening to assess whether a child is meeting age-appropriate milestones. If concerns arise, the pediatrician can provide referrals to specialists for further evaluation.
These specialists may include a developmental pediatrician, a child neurologist, or a child psychologist, who work collaboratively to conduct a comprehensive assessment. Diagnostic evaluations involve observing the child’s behavior, gathering a detailed developmental history from caregivers, and using standardized assessment tools. Additional tests, such as hearing tests, genetic screening, or other medical workups, may be performed to rule out other conditions. Early intervention therapies, such as speech therapy, occupational therapy, and behavioral therapy like Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), are recommended to help children regain lost skills and support their ongoing development.