Orthodontic treatment with braces often involves a period of adjustment where some discomfort is common. This is a normal part of the process as teeth begin to shift into their new positions. Understanding the reasons behind this discomfort, its typical duration, and effective management strategies can help individuals navigate their treatment more comfortably.
Understanding Braces Discomfort
Braces apply gentle, continuous pressure to teeth, gradually guiding them into alignment. This pressure initiates bone remodeling, where bone tissue around the teeth is broken down and rebuilt, causing soreness and sensitivity. The periodontal ligaments, anchoring teeth to the jawbone, stretch and compress during this movement, triggering an inflammatory response that leads to discomfort.
Beyond tooth movement, brackets and wires can irritate soft tissues inside the mouth. The inner cheeks, lips, and gums may develop tenderness or small sores as they adapt to the new appliances. This irritation typically lessens as the mouth becomes accustomed to the braces.
Typical Pain Timelines
Discomfort from braces typically follows a predictable timeline, though individual experiences can vary. Immediately after braces are first applied, soreness usually begins a few hours later and can last from a few days to about a week. Many describe this initial sensation as a dull ache or throbbing, rather than sharp pain, as teeth respond to the applied pressure.
Discomfort also recurs after routine adjustment appointments, which reactivate forces on the teeth. Following these visits, soreness usually lasts one to three days, though some individuals may experience it for up to five days. This soreness is generally less intense than the initial discomfort when braces are first placed.
As treatment progresses, the body adapts to the presence of braces and the continuous tooth movement. Most people find that the overall discomfort lessens significantly over time, becoming less frequent and severe. For many, the initial odd sensation of having braces in the mouth subsides after approximately three weeks.
Strategies for Comfort
Several methods can alleviate discomfort associated with braces. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, effectively manage soreness. Acetaminophen is often preferred as it does not interfere with the inflammatory process necessary for tooth movement. These medications can be taken as directed, often providing relief for several hours.
Eating soft foods is helpful during periods of increased sensitivity, such as after initial placement or adjustments. Foods like mashed potatoes, yogurt, smoothies, soups, and soft pasta require minimal chewing and reduce pressure on teeth. Avoiding hard, crunchy, or sticky foods prevents additional discomfort and potential damage to the braces.
Orthodontic wax provides a physical barrier against irritation from brackets and wires. Roll a small piece of wax into a ball and press it over any part of the braces rubbing against the cheeks, lips, or tongue to create a smooth surface, allowing irritated tissues to heal.
Applying a cold compress to the outside of the jaw can reduce swelling and numb the painful area. An ice pack wrapped in a cloth or a bag of frozen vegetables can be held against the cheek for 10-15 minutes. Rinsing the mouth with warm salt water can also soothe irritated gums and sores, helping reduce swelling and promote healing. Mix about half a teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water and swish for 30 seconds before spitting it out.
When to Contact Your Orthodontist
While mild, temporary discomfort is expected with braces, certain symptoms warrant contacting your orthodontist. Persistent or severe pain that does not improve with home remedies should be evaluated. If the pain is intense or lasts for more than a week after initial placement or an adjustment, it could indicate a more significant issue.
Any breakage or malfunction of the braces, such as a loose or broken bracket or a poking wire, requires professional attention. Attempting to fix these issues yourself, beyond applying orthodontic wax for temporary relief, is not recommended. Sores or ulcers in the mouth that are not healing, appear infected, or are accompanied by swelling, redness, or pus should prompt a call to the orthodontist. Any sudden or unusual pain that feels different from typical braces discomfort merits a professional consultation.