When a wisdom tooth is removed, the oral surgeon often places stitches, also known as sutures, in the gum tissue. These stitches serve multiple purposes in the healing process. They help control bleeding by compressing wound edges, promoting faster clotting. Stitches also secure gum tissue, aiding proper healing and protecting underlying bone and nerves from bacteria and food debris. This closure reduces infection risk and supports blood clot formation, which helps prevent complications like dry socket.
The Dissolving Timeline and Process
Most stitches used after wisdom tooth removal are absorbable, dissolving naturally over time. They typically dissolve within 7 to 10 days, though some can take up to two weeks. This variation depends on factors like the stitch material, suture size, and individual healing rate.
Different types of dissolvable stitches break down at varying rates. Gut sutures, derived from purified animal intestines, typically dissolve within 7 to 10 days. Chromic gut sutures, treated with chromium salt, may take 10 to 14 days. Synthetic absorbable sutures like Polyglycolic Acid (PGA) often dissolve within one to two weeks, while Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polydioxanone (PDO) sutures can take several weeks.
The dissolving process is influenced by factors like exposure to saliva, which contains enzymes that break down the stitch material, and an individual’s overall health. As stitches dissolve, you might notice small, loose fragments in your mouth. It is normal for them to feel slightly loose or frayed as they begin to dissolve.
Caring for Your Mouth Post-Surgery
Proper care after wisdom tooth extraction supports a smooth recovery and stitch dissolution. For the first 24 hours, rest and avoid solid foods. After this, gentle rinsing with warm salt water helps keep the area clean and reduces infection risk. Mix a teaspoon of salt with warm water and gently tilt your head to let the water fall out, avoiding vigorous swishing or spitting that could dislodge blood clots or stitches.
When brushing, be extra gentle around the extraction site and use a soft-bristled toothbrush. Avoid direct brushing over the stitches for about a week to prevent dislodging them or the protective blood clot. Stick to a diet of soft foods for the first few days, such as yogurt, scrambled eggs, mashed potatoes, or smoothies. Avoid crunchy, hard, spicy, or hot foods that could irritate the wound or dislodge stitches.
To prevent complications like dry socket, avoid activities that create suction in your mouth, such as drinking through a straw or smoking, for at least 5 days. Manage discomfort and swelling by applying an ice pack to the outside of your cheek in 20-minute intervals during the first 24-48 hours. Keeping your head elevated, especially when resting, also helps minimize swelling.
Signs of Concern and When to Seek Help
While stitch dissolution is normal, specific signs may indicate a complication requiring contact with your oral surgeon or dentist. If stitches do not dissolve within the expected one to two weeks, or are still present after 14 days, seek professional guidance. Some stitches may take longer to break down or require manual removal.
Watch for signs of infection, including increasing pain, persistent swelling, pus or fluid leaking from the extraction site, or a foul odor or taste. A fever or redness around the surgical area also suggests infection. Contact your dental professional promptly for excessive bleeding not controlled by gentle pressure with gauze, or persistent severe pain not relieved by prescribed medication. If stitches come out prematurely within the first 48 hours and the wound appears to open, immediate dental attention is recommended. This can increase the risk of infection or dry socket.