Orthodontic rubber bands, also known as elastics, are small, removable accessories that work alongside braces to achieve proper dental alignment. These bands are typically made from medical-grade latex or a synthetic alternative for those with allergies. They attach to small hooks on the upper and lower brackets, applying a specific, consistent directional force. Elastics help guide the entire relationship between the upper and lower jaws, ensuring the teeth meet correctly when biting down—a goal braces alone cannot always achieve.
The Purpose of Orthodontic Elastics
Braces primarily straighten individual teeth within their arches, correcting rotation and spacing issues. Orthodontic elastics address the more complex issue of malocclusion, which is an improper bite relationship between the upper and lower jaws. They apply calculated pressure across the arches to move entire segments of teeth or influence the positioning of the jaws themselves.
The directional force created by the elastics is used to correct several types of bite irregularities. These include an overbite, where the upper teeth excessively overlap the lower ones; an underbite, where the lower teeth protrude past the upper teeth; or an open bite, where the back teeth touch but the front teeth do not. The specific configuration of the elastics, such as connecting hooks on the upper and lower arches, delivers the exact movement needed for the patient’s unique bite correction. This targeted, arch-to-arch movement fine-tunes the bite into a stable and functional position.
Timing in the Treatment Plan
The introduction of rubber bands is highly individualized and depends on a patient’s specific treatment goals. Elastics are generally not utilized at the very beginning of orthodontic treatment. The initial phase focuses on aligning the teeth and leveling the arches, as correcting the bite relationship is difficult if individual teeth are severely crooked or rotated.
Elastics are typically introduced during the middle or “working” phase of treatment, often after the patient has had braces for a few months. This timing ensures the teeth are sufficiently aligned to allow the elastics to effectively begin bite correction. The total duration of elastic wear can range from a few weeks for minor adjustments to six to eight months or more for significant bite issues. The orthodontist monitors progress and adjusts the size, force, and configuration of the elastics throughout this period.
Day-to-Day Management and Compliance
Successful use of orthodontic elastics hinges almost entirely on patient compliance, as the force must be consistent to facilitate tooth movement. The orthodontist will prescribe a wear time of 22 to 24 hours per day, removing them only for eating and brushing teeth. Wearing elastics only at night or for short periods will not generate enough continuous pressure, potentially causing teeth to move back and significantly delaying treatment.
Changing Frequency
Elastics lose their tension and elasticity quickly, meaning they must be changed frequently to maintain the prescribed force. Patients are usually instructed to change their elastics at least once or twice daily, or up to four times, such as after every meal and before bed. This routine ensures the pressure remains optimal for continuous movement.
Managing Discomfort and Safety
Some temporary soreness in the jaw and teeth is common for the first few days after starting elastics, indicating the teeth are beginning to move. This discomfort subsides as the mouth adjusts to the new pressure, and consistent wear prevents the soreness from returning. It is important to always carry extra elastics, as they can break or be lost. Patients should never double up on bands, as this can apply excessive force and potentially damage tooth roots.