The garlic scape is the firm, round flower stalk that emerges from the center of hardneck garlic varieties several weeks before the main bulb is ready for harvest. Removing this stalk is a necessary step because it allows the plant to focus its resources on subterranean development. Timely removal is the most effective action a gardener can take to ensure the largest possible garlic bulbs at the end of the season.
Visual Cues for Harvest Timing
The optimal moment for cutting the scape is determined by observing its distinct spiraling growth pattern. When the scape first emerges, it grows vertically before beginning to curl, often resembling a question mark or a complete loop. The ideal time to cut is once the scape has formed at least one full curl but before it begins straightening out. If the stalk starts to straighten, the plant is devoting energy to forming the flower head, which diminishes the final bulb size.
Targeting the moment of maximum curl secures the dual benefit of a tender, edible scape and maximized energy redirection for the bulb below. Harvesting too early results in a shorter stem, while waiting too long allows the stem to become tough and fibrous. Since scapes do not appear simultaneously, monitor the patch every few days during the late spring or early summer growing period.
Proper Removal Technique
Removing the scape requires precision to avoid damaging the surrounding foliage, which is still actively performing photosynthesis. Use clean, sharp tools, such as gardening shears, scissors, or a knife. Locate the point where the scape emerges from the uppermost leaf sheath, which is the final leaf node on the main stalk.
The cut should be made cleanly just above this leaf node, ensuring the remaining plant tissue is not crushed or torn. A smooth cut allows the minor wound to heal quickly, minimizing the plant’s vulnerability to disease or moisture loss. Remove the entire exposed scape, leaving the main stalk and remaining leaves intact to continue the bulb’s development underground.
The Impact of Scape Removal on Garlic Bulb Growth
Scape removal is effective because it interrupts the plant’s reproductive biology. If the scape is left on, the plant diverts energy (photosynthates) toward producing the flower head and subsequent small aerial bulbils. This reproductive effort uses a substantial portion of the plant’s stored energy reserves.
By severing the scape, the gardener forces the plant to abandon reproduction and funnel all available energy back down to the underground bulb. Research shows this redirection of resources can increase the final size of the garlic bulb by 25 percent or more. This action translates energy intended for seed production into larger, higher-quality cloves for the final harvest.
Culinary Uses and Preservation
The harvested garlic scape is a seasonal delicacy, offering a milder, fresher flavor than mature garlic cloves, with a pleasant crispness similar to asparagus. Scapes are versatile and can be used in any recipe calling for a subtle garlic or onion flavor.
Culinary Applications
Scapes are particularly popular for making pesto, often replacing traditional basil. They can also be prepared in several ways:
- Chopped and sautéed into stir-fries.
- Grilled whole after a light coating of oil.
- Pickled for a tangy, garlicky snack.
Preservation
Fresh scapes can be kept in the refrigerator for one to two weeks by storing them in a plastic bag. For longer preservation, chop scapes into small pieces and freeze them on a tray before transferring them to an airtight container.