Snakes in Virginia exhibit specific patterns of activity throughout the year, largely influenced by environmental temperatures. Understanding these patterns is helpful for residents and visitors to anticipate when snakes are most likely to be encountered. Their presence is a natural part of Virginia’s diverse ecosystems.
Seasonal Activity of Virginia Snakes
Snakes are ectothermic, meaning they rely on external heat sources to regulate their body temperature, which dictates their seasonal activity. In Virginia, snakes are generally active from March to October, with peak activity occurring when temperatures are consistently warm.
As winter approaches, around October, most snakes in Virginia enter a state called brumation. Brumation is similar to hibernation but specific to reptiles. Their metabolism slows, and they become less active, seeking shelter in dens, burrows, or under rocks to conserve energy. They are not in a deep sleep but are sluggish and less responsive.
Snakes begin to emerge from brumation in March or April as air temperatures rise, often seeking sunny spots to warm their bodies. This emergence marks the beginning of their active season, where they start to search for food and mates. During the summer months, particularly July and August, snake activity increases as they move in search of shelter, prey, and breeding partners. This higher activity during warmer periods makes them more visible.
Daily Rhythms and Environmental Cues
Beyond seasonal changes, daily activity is also governed by temperature, sunlight, and humidity. Snakes prefer temperatures between 70 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit for optimal activity. On cooler days, they may bask in the sun to raise their body temperature, often found on rocks, driveways, or sidewalks that absorb heat.
During hot summer days, some species may become more nocturnal to avoid extreme daytime heat. Snakes are often most active in the early mornings of spring and summer days when the earth is warming. They typically seek shade during the hottest parts of the day.
Rainfall can trigger the urge to mate or seek food. Sudden drops in temperature, especially in late summer and early autumn, can also lead to increased snake activity as they search for suitable winter shelters and food before brumation.
Where Snakes Are Found and How to Stay Safe
Snakes in Virginia inhabit a variety of environments, from natural areas to suburban settings. They are commonly found in wooded patches, rocky areas, near water sources like creeks and wetlands, and in fields. In residential areas, they may frequent yards, gardens, and outbuildings, often seeking shelter under debris, woodpiles, or in overgrown vegetation. They can enter structures through small openings in foundations, around pipes, or or even through attics if trees provide access.
To reduce the likelihood of encounters, maintain a tidy outdoor space:
Regularly mow grass.
Remove potential hiding spots such as brush piles, leaf litter, and unused garden pots.
Store firewood on elevated racks.
Seal cracks or holes in home foundations.
Remove food sources for rodents, such as spilled birdseed or pet food.
If a snake is encountered, maintain a safe distance and avoid attempting to handle or provoke it. Most snakes will move away if given space. If a snake is in a location that poses a risk, contact a wildlife professional for safe removal. It is generally illegal to kill snakes in Virginia unless they pose an immediate threat. Wearing appropriate footwear like boots and using a flashlight when walking at night in areas where snakes might be present can also reduce risks.