Red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) are a widely recognized raptor across North America, known for their broad wings and distinctive rusty-red tail. They are common sights in various landscapes, from open fields and deserts to urban areas. This article explores their typical nesting timeline and the factors that influence it.
The Nesting Season Overview
Red-tailed hawks generally begin their nesting season in late winter or early spring, with peak activity from late February through May. This timing varies significantly by geographic location. For instance, nesting often starts earlier in southern regions, such as Texas, where breeding can begin in late February, while in northern areas like Alberta, it may not commence until mid-April or early May.
These hawks are largely monogamous, often forming long-term pair bonds. They frequently return to the same nesting territories season after season. Many pairs reuse and refurbish existing nests, while others might construct new ones or alternate between several sites.
Key Milestones in the Nesting Cycle
The red-tailed hawk nesting cycle involves several distinct stages. Nest construction typically begins in late February or March. Both parents build the large structure from sticks, twigs, and bark, lining it with softer materials like pine needles or fresh greenery. Construction takes about 4 to 7 days, creating a substantial platform.
Egg laying usually occurs between March and May, with females laying 1 to 5 eggs approximately every other day. The incubation period lasts 28 to 35 days, beginning shortly after the first egg is laid. While both parents share incubation duties, the female performs most of this task, with the male often bringing her food.
Hatching occurs over a few days. The young, called eyasses, are altricial, meaning they are helpless. The female broods nestlings for the first 30 to 35 days, while the male primarily supplies food. Fledging, when young hawks leave the nest for their first flights, happens around 42 to 46 days after hatching. After fledging, the young may remain dependent on their parents for an additional 2 to 10 weeks, receiving food.
Influences on Nesting Schedule
Several factors can influence a red-tailed hawk’s nesting schedule. Geographic location plays a significant role, with nesting generally starting earlier in warmer, southern latitudes and later in cooler, northern regions.
Climate and local weather conditions also affect nesting. A mild winter or an early spring can prompt earlier nesting activity, while prolonged cold or heavy snow can delay it. Food availability influences the initiation of breeding. An abundance of prey can support an earlier and more successful breeding season.
The experience of the breeding pair is another contributing factor. Older, more experienced pairs may begin nesting earlier in the season compared to younger birds.