Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), often called “humpies” due to the distinctive hump males develop during spawning, are a significant species in Washington’s aquatic environments. They play an important role in the ecosystem, and their return to freshwater to spawn is a notable event in the Pacific Northwest.
Understanding the Pink Salmon Run Cycle
Pink salmon in Washington exhibit a consistent two-year life cycle, leading to large runs predominantly in odd-numbered years. For example, strong runs occurred in 2023, and the next significant return is anticipated in 2025. This predictable pattern results from their short lifespan, as pink salmon mature and return to spawn at two years of age.
The peak of the pink salmon run in Washington typically occurs during late summer to early fall, primarily in August and September. After hatching in freshwater, young pink salmon fry quickly migrate to estuarine and marine waters. They spend approximately 1.5 years at sea before returning to their natal streams to reproduce. Unlike some other salmon species, pink salmon spend very little time in freshwater as juveniles.
Key Factors Influencing Run Timing
While the biennial cycle of pink salmon is consistent, various environmental factors influence the timing and strength of their return. Water temperature plays a role, as adult salmon can experience stress or delays in migration if temperatures exceed certain thresholds, generally above 17-20 degrees Celsius. Low river flows, often associated with warmer temperatures, can also hinder salmon from reaching their upstream spawning grounds by decreasing available habitat.
Ocean conditions, including food availability and predator presence, affect the survival and size of the returning population. Strong marine productivity leads to more robust returns. River conditions, such as the presence of barriers or the quality of spawning habitat, also influence the success of the run. Pink salmon spawn in rivers closer to tidewater and prefer clean, coarse gravel.
Prime Viewing and Fishing Locations
Washington offers locations to observe or fish for pink salmon during their run. The Puget Sound area is a primary destination, with major spawning tributaries including the Skagit, Stillaguamish, Snohomish, Duwamish/Green, Puyallup, and Nisqually Rivers. These rivers and their estuaries provide accessible viewing and fishing opportunities.
Specific marine areas within Puget Sound, such as Marine Area 10 (Seattle/Bremerton), Marine Area 9 (Admiralty Inlet), and Marine Area 11 (Tacoma-Vashon Island), also see significant numbers of returning pink salmon. Shore-based fishing is popular at many Puget Sound beaches and piers, including Lincoln Park, Carkeek Park, Golden Gardens, Alki Beach, and Browns Point. For observers, places like the Ballard Locks and various parks along the Duwamish River (Codiga Park, Duwamish Gardens, North Wind’s Weir) offer opportunities to see salmon migrating upstream.
Regulations and Responsible Engagement
Engaging with the pink salmon run in Washington requires adherence to regulations and responsible practices. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) sets specific rules for fishing, including seasons, daily limits, and gear restrictions. Anglers should always consult the current WDFW sport fishing rules pamphlet or their website for up-to-date information, as regulations can change.
Conservation is important when interacting with salmon runs. For those observing, maintaining a respectful distance from spawning fish and avoiding disturbing their natural behavior is important. Ethical practices, such as proper handling and quick release of fish not intended for retention, contribute to population sustainability. Supporting sustainable fishing practices, like choosing wild-caught salmon from well-managed fisheries, also helps ensure healthy fish stocks.