Hummingbirds bring a unique vibrancy to Missouri’s landscapes each year. These tiny, fast-moving birds migrate thousands of miles between their wintering and breeding habitats. Their seasonal presence sparks considerable interest among residents, who eagerly anticipate their return.
Understanding Their Return Timeline
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Missouri’s most commonly observed species, typically begins its northward migration from Central America and Mexico in late February or March. They arrive in Missouri starting in early April, with initial sightings in the southern parts of the state. Migration then progresses northward, and by mid-April to early May, these hummingbirds are commonly seen across central and northern Missouri. Exact arrival dates can vary slightly each year depending on prevailing weather conditions.
Environmental Cues for Arrival
The return of hummingbirds to Missouri is influenced by environmental signals. Changes in sunlight duration and angle, known as photoperiod, are a primary trigger for their migration. As daylight hours lengthen in late winter and early spring, hormonal shifts prompt their migratory instincts. Rising temperatures along their migratory routes also signal favorable conditions for travel and food availability. The emergence of early spring nectar-producing flowers provides sustenance, guiding their northward movement.
Attracting Hummingbirds to Your Yard
To encourage hummingbirds to visit your yard, offering supplemental food sources is effective. Hang feeders filled with a sugar-water solution, prepared by mixing one part refined white sugar with four parts water. Do not boil the water, and avoid red dye as it can be harmful to the birds. Feeders require regular cleaning, ideally every few days or daily in hot weather, using hot water and a brush to prevent mold and bacterial growth. Placing feeders in shaded areas can help keep the nectar fresh longer.
Beyond feeders, planting native Missouri flowers that provide natural nectar sources is beneficial. Species such as cardinal flower, trumpet creeper, wild bergamot, and native honeysuckles are attractive to Ruby-throated Hummingbirds. These plants offer a consistent natural food supply throughout the nesting and breeding season.
Their Departure from Missouri
As summer progresses, hummingbirds begin their southward migration from Missouri. Departure typically starts in mid-August and continues through September. By early October, most Ruby-throated Hummingbirds have left the state, heading towards their wintering grounds in southern Mexico and Central America. The cues for their departure mirror those for their arrival, including decreasing daylight and cooler temperatures. While some individuals may be observed later, most of the population completes their journey by mid-fall.