Ruby-throated Hummingbirds bring vibrancy to North Alabama landscapes each year. These tiny birds dart among flowers and feeders, adding color to gardens. Their presence marks a special time before their journey south.
Peak Departure Period
Ruby-throated Hummingbirds begin their southward migration once their breeding season concludes. While some individuals may linger, the primary departure period for most hummingbirds from North Alabama typically spans from late summer through early fall. Most hummingbirds residing in Alabama will leave in early to mid-September. However, individuals from more northern regions continue to pass through Alabama much of October as they travel south. Late migrators or stragglers can sometimes be observed even into November, especially if food sources remain available.
Environmental Cues for Migration
Hummingbirds are prompted to migrate by natural environmental cues, not solely by the availability of food from human-provided feeders. A primary trigger for their departure is decreasing daylight hours. This signals to the birds that it is time to begin their journey south. Cooler temperatures also play a role, along with diminishing natural food sources like nectar-producing flowers and insects. These factors activate the hummingbirds’ instinct to migrate, preparing them for the long flight ahead.
Destination of Their Winter Flight
After leaving North Alabama, the vast majority of Ruby-throated Hummingbirds journey to their wintering grounds, primarily in Central America. Their winter range extends from coastal southern Mexico southward to northern Panama. This migration includes a non-stop flight across the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of approximately 500 miles. This flight can take between 18 to 22 hours, requiring them to build significant fat reserves beforehand. Some individuals, however, may choose an overland route around the Gulf or spend the winter along the U.S. Gulf Coast or southern Florida.
Supporting Hummingbirds Before Departure
Individuals can assist hummingbirds as they prepare for migration. Maintaining clean feeders with fresh nectar is beneficial, as these provide an energy source for birds fattening up for their journey. A simple solution of one part refined white sugar to four parts water is recommended; red food coloring should be avoided as it can be harmful. Planting late-blooming, nectar-rich flowers also offers natural sustenance. Keeping feeders available through the fall will not prevent hummingbirds from migrating, as their departure is driven by instinctual cues like day length, but it offers fuel for their flight.