Hummingbirds are captivating and energetic birds that grace New Hampshire during its warmer months. The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the primary species observed in the state, recognized for its iridescent green back and, in males, a vibrant red throat. These tiny aerialists are not year-round residents; they undertake an impressive annual migration, departing New Hampshire as temperatures cool and food sources dwindle.
Typical Departure Schedule
Ruby-throated Hummingbirds begin their southward migration from New Hampshire as their breeding season concludes. Most start their journey by late August or early September. By mid-September, the majority have departed, though some individuals might linger into late September. Adult males are the first to leave, followed by females and then younger birds, a week or two later.
Key Migration Triggers
The departure of hummingbirds from New Hampshire is primarily influenced by environmental cues rather than food scarcity alone. The primary trigger is the decreasing duration of daylight hours, known as photoperiod. This change signals to the birds that it is time to prepare for their long journey, prompting physiological adjustments like increasing fat reserves. While diminishing food sources and dropping temperatures also play a role, the innate urge to migrate, driven by hormonal shifts, is the dominant factor.
Their Winter Destinations
After departing New Hampshire, Ruby-throated Hummingbirds journey to their wintering grounds, predominantly located in southern Mexico and across Central America, extending as far south as Panama. Some individuals also spend the winter along the U.S. Gulf Coast and parts of the southern Atlantic coast, including Florida. This remarkable journey involves a non-stop flight of 500 miles across the Gulf of Mexico, which can take 18 to 22 hours. Many birds also utilize an overland route, following the coastline around the Gulf.
Supporting Late-Season Hummingbirds
New Hampshire residents can support hummingbirds during their pre-migration period and early fall passage. Maintaining clean feeders with fresh nectar provides an energy source for birds preparing for their long journey. Keeping feeders available does not prevent hummingbirds from migrating, as their departure is instinctively driven by changes in daylight. Planting late-blooming, nectar-rich flowers also offers natural food sources. Avoiding the use of pesticides helps ensure a healthy insect population, which is another food source for hummingbirds.