Hummingbirds, with their iridescent feathers and rapid wingbeats, bring vibrancy to Kansas City during warmer months. Observing their swift movements among flowers and feeders highlights their agility and beauty. Their seasonal presence marks a special time in the local landscape.
Peak Departure Times
Ruby-throated Hummingbirds, the most common species in Kansas City, typically begin their southward migration in late summer. While some individuals may start departing in August, peak migration usually occurs throughout September. Males are often the first to leave, sometimes as early as July or August, while females and juveniles follow later, often into October after raising their young. By mid-October, most hummingbirds have departed the Kansas City area. However, a few stragglers or late migrants from farther north may be seen into November, particularly if weather remains mild.
The precise timing of departure varies annually, influenced by local weather and food sources. Cooler temperatures and diminishing food supplies can accelerate departures, while warm spells might delay them. Still, the general window from late August through early October remains the primary departure period from the Kansas City region.
Triggers for Migration
Hummingbirds begin their migratory journeys in response to biological and environmental cues. A primary trigger is the changing photoperiod, or decreasing length of daylight hours as summer transitions into fall. This reduction in sunlight signals winter’s approach, prompting physiological changes.
Dropping temperatures in late summer and early fall also indicate less favorable conditions for survival. Natural food sources, such as nectar-producing flowers and insects, begin to decline as the season progresses. These environmental shifts trigger instinctual responses, compelling them to seek warmer climates with more abundant sustenance.
Their Winter Journey
After leaving Kansas City, most Ruby-throated Hummingbirds journey to wintering grounds in southern Mexico and Central America, extending as far south as northern Panama. This migration spans thousands of miles, showcasing their endurance.
Many hummingbirds embark on a non-stop flight across the Gulf of Mexico, a 500-600 mile distance taking 18-22 hours. To fuel this journey, hummingbirds accumulate significant fat reserves, often increasing their body weight by 25-40% before departure. While the trans-Gulf route is direct, some birds choose an overland coastal route for rest and refueling. Young hummingbirds navigate this journey without parental guidance, relying on innate navigational abilities.
Supporting Hummingbirds Before They Depart
Gardeners and nature enthusiasts can support hummingbirds as they prepare for migration. Maintaining feeders provides a consistent energy source.
The recommended solution is one part refined white sugar to four parts water, free of red dye. Clean feeders thoroughly every few days to prevent mold growth, especially in warmer weather.
Planting late-blooming, nectar-rich flowers also offers sustenance. Species like salvia, bee balm, cardinal flower, honeysuckle, and trumpet vine attract hummingbirds. Keep feeders and flowering plants available even after most hummingbirds depart. This ensures stragglers or late migrants have access to food before continuing their journey south, aiding their travel.